endocrine general Flashcards
specialized chemicals in blood that carry out functions
hormones
specific tissues that hormones seek out
targets
maintain equilibrium in body
homeostasis
Acting in opposition; mutually opposing
antagonistic
Salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body
electrolytes
Hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen
glucagon
Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion
glucose
Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
sympathomimetic
pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain
pituitary gland
another name for pituitary gland
hypophysis
what is the master gland
pituitary
anterior lobe of pituitary
adenohypophysis
posterior lobe of pituitary
neurohypophysis
what lobe of the pituitary makes hormones
adenohypophysis
what lobe of the pituitary stores hormones
posterior pituitary
the largest gland of the endocrine system, also an h shape
thyroid gland
strip of tissue that separates the thyroid into 2 parts
isthmus
major hormone secreted by the thyroid
thyroxine (T4)
what hormone is made from the conversion of thyroxine
triiodothyronine (T3)
what hormone:
Adrenal cortex—promotes secretion of corticosteroids, especially cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
what hormone:
- Ovaries—in females, stimulates egg (ova) production; increases secretion of estrogen
- Testes—in males, stimulates sperm production
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
what hormone:
- Regulates growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues
- Increases use of fats for energy
Growth hormone (GH)
what hormone:
- Ovaries—in females, promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone
- Testes—in males, promotes secretion of testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
what hormone:
- Breast—in conjunction with other hormones, promotes lactation
Prolactin (PRL)
what hormone:
- Thyroid gland—stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
what hormone:
- Kidney—increases water reabsorption (water returns to the blood)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
what hormone:
- Uterus—stimulates uterine contractions; initiates labor
- Breast—promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands
Oxytocin
what hormone causes Cushing disease if hyper secretion
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
what hormone causes failure of female sexual maturation if hypo secretion
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
what hormone causes dwarfism or giantism if hypo or hyper secretion
Growth hormone (GH)