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Reproductive Systems > Female Reproductive Anatomy And Histology > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Anatomy And Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Which organ is the female gonad?

A

Ovaries

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2
Q

Which cell is the female gamete?

A

Ovum

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3
Q

Describe the shape and size of the ovaries?

A

Almond shaped

3cm long in young women but smaller after menopause

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4
Q

Through which structure do the ovarian arteries and vein reach the ovaries?

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

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5
Q

Where do the ovarian veins drain to?

A

The IVC on the right side and the left renal vein on the left side

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6
Q

Where do the ovarian arteries arise?

A

Aorta at the level of the renal artery

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7
Q

Which lymph nodes do the ovaries drain to?

A

Aortic nodes at the level of the renal vessels

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8
Q

What is the name of the double sheet of peritoneum which is draped over the uterus and uterine tubes?

A

Broad ligament

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9
Q

What is the name of the fibrous cord which links the ovaries to the uterus?

A

Ovarian ligament

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10
Q

Why is it significant that the ovaries and uterine tubes are not directly connected?

A

This disconnection provides a direct oath for infection to reach the peritoneal cavity from the external, genitalia

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11
Q

What is the other name of the rectouterine pouch?

A

Cul de sac of douglas

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12
Q

Approximately hoe long are the uterine tubes?

A

13cm

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13
Q

What are the different parts of the uterine tubes?

A

Funnel shaped infundibulum which opens into the peritoneal cavity amd is fringed by fimbriae
The ampulla is the widest section where fertilisation occurs
The isthmus is a short narrowed section connected to the uterine wall

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14
Q

What is the approximate size of the uterus in the resting state?

A

7-8 cm long
5cm wide
2.5cm thick

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15
Q

Why do the external and internal os look different in women who have had children compared to those who have not?

A

These cervical structures dilate during childbirth

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16
Q

What is the name of the rounded part of the uterus which projects above the level of the uterine tubes?

A

Fundus

17
Q

The lower part if the cervix projects into the vagina. T/F?

A

True

18
Q

The normal uterus is anteverted and anteflexed. What does this mean?

A

Anteverted - the body of the uterus is bent forwards on the cervix
Anteflexion - the whole uterus is bent forward at a right angle to the vagina

19
Q

Approximately what percentage of women show retroflexion and retroversion?

A

20%

20
Q

The uterine artery is a branch of which artery?

A

Internal iliac artery

21
Q

Which lymph nodes does the uterus drain to?

A

Body of uterus drains to para aortic nodes at level of renal vessels
Cervix drains to internal iliac nodes

22
Q

What vessels supply the uterine tubes?

A

Branches of the ovarian arteries and veins

23
Q

What type of epithelium exists in the vagina?

A

Non Keratinised stratified squamous

24
Q

Approximately how long is the vagina?

A

7-9 cm

25
Q

What is the blood supply to the vagina?

A

Superior vagina is supplied by uterine arteries

Inferior vagina is supplied by vaginal arteries from internal iliac artery

26
Q

What is the function of the cilia of the epithelial cells of the uterine tubes?

A

To beat the fertilised egg to the uterus for implantation

27
Q

The endometrium is divided into the stratum functionalis and stratum basalis. Which of these layers is shed during menstruation?

A

Stratum functionalis

28
Q

What type of arteries exist in the stratum functionalis of the endometrium compared to the stratum basalis?

A

Functionalis -coiled arteries

Basalis - straight arteries

29
Q

What type of epithelium is the endometrium lined with?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

30
Q

It which stage of the female reproductive cycle are the uterine glands largest and most coiled?

A

Secretory phase

31
Q

What is significant about the lamina propria of the vagina?

A

It contains many elastic fibres to allow for the huge distension required during childbirth

32
Q

Where does the majority of the mucous in the vagina come from?

A

The cervix

Reproductive Systems (10 decks)

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