Female Reproductive

Question 1

functions of the ovary

Answer 1

produces ovum and secretes hormones

Question 2

ovarian hormones

Answer 2

estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin A and inhibin B

Question 3

primordial follicles contain ____

Answer 3

immature ovum

Question 4

3 naturally occurring estrogens

Answer 4

estrone, 17beta estradiol, estriol

Question 5

key enzyme that is a target for breast cancer treatment

Answer 5

aromatase

Question 6

aromatase converts testosterone to _____

Answer 6

estradiol

Question 7

aromatase converts androstenedione to ___

Answer 7

estrone

Question 8

estrogens are deactivated in the __

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

site of production of estrogens

Answer 9

ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, placenta during pregnancy, adrenal cortex, fat/liver/muscle/brain (aromatase), testis

Question 10

main effects of estrogen

Answer 10

develop female sex organs, maintain secondary sexual character

Question 11

mechanism of action of estrogens

Answer 11

nuclear estrogen receptors

Question 12

effects of estrogen on the ovary

Answer 12

stimulates maturation of the ovaries, stimulates start of menstrual cycle

Question 13

effects of estrogen on the uterus

Answer 13

stimulates maturation of the uterus, helps prepare to nourish a fetus

Question 14

effects of estrogen on the breast

Answer 14

development of breasts at puberty, prepares glands for future milk production

Question 15

site of production of progesterone

Answer 15

corpus luteum, placenta, follicle, testes, adrenal cortex

Question 16

site of deactivation of progesterone

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

cholesterol —> ______ —> progesterone

Answer 17

pregnenolone

Question 18

mechanism of action of progesterone

Answer 18

nuclear progesterone receptor

Question 19

principal effects of progesterone

Answer 19

stimulates mammary development in puberty and pregnancy, prepares uterus for pregnancy. also: feedback effects on hypothalamus and pituitary, inhibits LH secretion and prevents ovulation (contraceptive pill)

Question 20

____ causes proliferation of mammary ducts

Answer 20

estrogen

Question 21

____ causes development of the lobules

Answer 21

progesterone

Question 22

____ stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk

Answer 22

prolactin

Question 23

___ causes milk ejection

Answer 23

oxytocin

Question 24

_____ is the precursor for estrogens, combined with estrogens it helps with growth, maintenance, and bone mass

Answer 24

testosterone

Question 25

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is a _____ hormone

Answer 25

glycoprotein

Question 26

AMH is a product of the ____ cells of the developing and preantral follicles

Answer 26

granulosa cells

Question 27

AMH is a biomarker for ____ and ____

Answer 27

ovarian reserve (quality and quantity of eggs), ovarian dysfunction (PCOS)

Question 28

inhibin is a ____

Answer 28

protein hormone (dimer)

Question 29

inhibin is produced from _____

Answer 29

granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles

Question 30

___ stimulates inhibin secretion

Answer 30

FSH

Question 31

inhibin suppresses ___ secretion

Answer 31

FSH

Question 32

estrogen and progesterone have ____ feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary on days 12-14 of cycle

Answer 32

positive

Question 33

estrogen and progesterone have ____ feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary for most of the cycle

Answer 33

negative

Question 34

combined oral contraceptive pill has a synthetic ___ and synthetic ____

Answer 34

estrogen, progestogen

Question 35

the synthetic estrogen is usually _____

Answer 35

ethinyl estradiol

Question 36

the synthetic progestogen is usually ___

Answer 36

progestin

Question 37

mechanisms of combined oral contraceptive pills

Answer 37

feedback inhibition of GnRH, FSH, LH. inhibition of follicular development, inhibition of ovulation

Question 38

____ is an estrogen receptor antagonist used for ER+ breast cancer in pre or postmenopausal women

Answer 38

tamoxifen

Question 39

_____ is an aromatase inhibitor that decreases estrogen synthesis for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women only

Answer 39

anastrazole