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Anatomy > Female Reproductive > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the ovary

A

produces ovum and secretes hormones

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2
Q

ovarian hormones

A

estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin A and inhibin B

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3
Q

primordial follicles contain ____

A

immature ovum

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4
Q

3 naturally occurring estrogens

A

estrone, 17beta estradiol, estriol

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5
Q

key enzyme that is a target for breast cancer treatment

A

aromatase

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6
Q

aromatase converts testosterone to _____

A

estradiol

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7
Q

aromatase converts androstenedione to ___

A

estrone

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8
Q

estrogens are deactivated in the __

A

liver

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9
Q

site of production of estrogens

A

ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, placenta during pregnancy, adrenal cortex, fat/liver/muscle/brain (aromatase), testis

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10
Q

main effects of estrogen

A

develop female sex organs, maintain secondary sexual character

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11
Q

mechanism of action of estrogens

A

nuclear estrogen receptors

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12
Q

effects of estrogen on the ovary

A

stimulates maturation of the ovaries, stimulates start of menstrual cycle

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13
Q

effects of estrogen on the uterus

A

stimulates maturation of the uterus, helps prepare to nourish a fetus

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14
Q

effects of estrogen on the breast

A

development of breasts at puberty, prepares glands for future milk production

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15
Q

site of production of progesterone

A

corpus luteum, placenta, follicle, testes, adrenal cortex

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16
Q

site of deactivation of progesterone

A

liver

17
Q

cholesterol —> ______ —> progesterone

A

pregnenolone

18
Q

mechanism of action of progesterone

A

nuclear progesterone receptor

19
Q

principal effects of progesterone

A

stimulates mammary development in puberty and pregnancy, prepares uterus for pregnancy. also: feedback effects on hypothalamus and pituitary, inhibits LH secretion and prevents ovulation (contraceptive pill)

20
Q

____ causes proliferation of mammary ducts

A

estrogen

21
Q

____ causes development of the lobules

A

progesterone

22
Q

____ stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk

A

prolactin

23
Q

___ causes milk ejection

A

oxytocin

24
Q

_____ is the precursor for estrogens, combined with estrogens it helps with growth, maintenance, and bone mass

A

testosterone

25
Q

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is a _____ hormone

A

glycoprotein

26
Q

AMH is a product of the ____ cells of the developing and preantral follicles

A

granulosa cells

27
Q

AMH is a biomarker for ____ and ____

A

ovarian reserve (quality and quantity of eggs), ovarian dysfunction (PCOS)

28
Q

inhibin is a ____

A

protein hormone (dimer)

29
Q

inhibin is produced from _____

A

granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles

30
Q

___ stimulates inhibin secretion

A

FSH

31
Q

inhibin suppresses ___ secretion

A

FSH

32
Q

estrogen and progesterone have ____ feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary on days 12-14 of cycle

A

positive

33
Q

estrogen and progesterone have ____ feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary for most of the cycle

A

negative

34
Q

combined oral contraceptive pill has a synthetic ___ and synthetic ____

A

estrogen, progestogen

35
Q

the synthetic estrogen is usually _____

A

ethinyl estradiol

36
Q

the synthetic progestogen is usually ___

A

progestin

37
Q

mechanisms of combined oral contraceptive pills

A

feedback inhibition of GnRH, FSH, LH. inhibition of follicular development, inhibition of ovulation

38
Q

____ is an estrogen receptor antagonist used for ER+ breast cancer in pre or postmenopausal women

A

tamoxifen

39
Q

_____ is an aromatase inhibitor that decreases estrogen synthesis for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women only

A

anastrazole

Anatomy (6 decks)

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