Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Veterinary Reproduction (VEM 5111) > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

Oogenesis, reproductive cycle

1
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Gonadotropin Stimulates follicular growth

Receptor on granulosa cells

Synthesized & released by anterior pituitary

Stimulated by GnRH Inhibited by inhibin, estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Continuation of Oogenesis

A

Oocyte remains quiescent in prophase I until LH surge (puberty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uterine Contractility (for sperm transport)

A

Oxytocin → Ferguson’s reflex

PGF2alpha (from seminal plasma)

Estrogen (from seminal plasma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Polytocous

A

litter-boring animals (multiple offspring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs)

A

Stem cell of oogenesis

Migrate from yolk sac to genital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tertiary/Antral Follicle

A

Fluid-filled cavities form between granulosa cells (form antrum)

Theca differentiation (theca interna & externa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Luteolysis

A

Regression of CL (if female fails to become pregnant)

Dec. P4

PGF2alpha released from endometrium (uterus must be present in animal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Meiosis

A

Diploid cell (2n) -> haploid cell (n) # of xsomes reduced so resulting cells only have one copy of each homolog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Progesterone (P4)

A

Produced by CL (& placenta in horse, sheep, cow)

Maintains pregnancy

Inhibits estrous behavior, GnRH & LH secretion, synthesis of oxytocin receptors

Supersedes effects of estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Simplex Uterus

A

No uterine horns

Ex. Primates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anestrus

A

Time when female is not cycling

Ex. seasonal, pregnancy, lactation, stress (low BCS), pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Utero-tubal Junction (UTJ)

A

Sperm barrier

Selectively allows transport of morphologically normal spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theca Interna

A

Layer of tertiary follicle

LH responsive

Steroidogenic (androgen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Telophase I

A

Two unequal daughter cells formed (secondary body & polar body), each with 1 copy of homologous xsome pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (Ovarian) Axis

A

Hypothalamus (GnRH) → Anterior Pituitary (LH & FSH) → Ovary (inhibin, estrogen, progesterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mitosis

A

Diploid cell (2n) -> diploid cell (2n)

Two identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oogonia

A

PGCs that have reached genital ridge, lose motility Multiply by mitosis Interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metestrus

A

Formation of CL Dec. estrogen

Incr. P4

Female no longer receptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oogenesis

A

Formation of female gamete

Starts from undifferentiated stem cell (2n) of early embryo and is completed after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Estrus

A

Behavioral receptivity & mating occur

High estrogen

Low P4

Ovulation (most spp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Partial Uterectomy (Ipsilateral to CL)

A

CL lifespan longer than normal (35d - sheep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Polyestrous

A

Repeated estrous cycles uniformly distributed throughout year

Ex. cattle, swine, rodents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2nd Meiotic Division

A

Second meiotic arrest at metaphase II

Remains quiescent until fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cervix

A

estrus: mucus secretion
pregnancy: cervical seal

18
Uterus
sperm transport, embryogenesis, attachment of conceptus
20
Long-day Breeders
Cyclicity occurs in spring & summer Melatonin inhibits GnRH secretion -\> anestrus Ex. horses
21
Vagina
copulatory organ
22
Estrous Cycle
Repro cycle of non-primates Period from one estrus (heat) to the next Follicular & luteal phases
23
Seasonally Polyestrous
Repeated estrus cycles for portion of the year GnRH secretion regulated by photoperiod & temperature Ex. horses (spring), sheep (fall), goats, cats
24
Theca Externa
Layer of tertiary follicle Fibroblast-like, required for ovulation PGF
26
Luteal Phase (of estrous cycle)
80% of cycle Dominated by progesterone Metestrus & diestrus
27
Proestrus
Decr. P4 following luteolysis Follicles recruited Incr. estrogen Female attracts male but doesn't allow mating
28
Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)
Produced by endometrium Simulated by oxytocin binding Responsible for luteolysis
29
Granulosa
Oocyte surrounded by somatic cells
30
Luteolysis in horses
PGF2alpha does **NOT** travel to ovary via countercurrent mechanism PGF2alpha travels systemically
31
Bicornuate Uterus
Presence of uterine horns Poorly-moderately developed: mare, cow Highly developed: bitch, queen, sow
32
Diestrus
Uterus prepares for possible pregnancy High P4 Female refuses male Follicles may develop but don't ovulate
33
Melatonin
Indoleamin hormone More darkness = more melatonin produced
34
Granulosa cell
FSH responsive Aromatase androgen → estradiol
36
Prenatal Oogenesis
PGC (2n) → oogonia (2n) → primary oocyte (2n) → arrests development at prophase I
37
Folliculogenesis
Formation of an antral follicle starting form primordial follicle Follicle → granulosa
38
Equine Ovary
ovulation occurs only at ovulation fossa
40
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Gonadotropin Maturation of oocyte, triggers ovulation Promotes development & maintenance of CL Receptors on thecal cells (early) and granulosa cells (later) Synthesized & released by anterior pituitary Stimulated by GnRH Inhibited by progesterone
41
Preovulatory/Graffian Follicle
Oocyte is located eccentrically within the antrum
43
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Synthesized & released by hypothalamus Stimulates LH & FSH secretion by anterior pituitary
44
Follicular Phase (of estrous cycle)
20% of cycle Dominated by estrogen Proestrus & estrus
45
Estrogen
Produced by ovarian follicles Causes estrous behavior (when progesterone is low) Inhibits FSH High levels promote surge of GnRH & LH
46
Secondary Follicle
Oocyte surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells (stromal & theca cell) Follicle has independent blood supply Sensitive to hormonal regulation
48
Primordial Follicle
Pool of resting follicles Primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of pregranulosa cells Formation of zona pellucida
49
Telophase II
Cellular division into 2 unequal daughter cells (pronucleate oocyte & polar body) that are 1n, 1c
50
Estrous Cycle Phases
Estrus → Metestrus → Diestrus → Proestrus → Estrus
51
Total Uterectomy effect on CL
CL lifespan similar to normal gestation length (148d - sheep)
52
Short-day Breeders
Cyclicity occurs during fall months Melatonin stimulates GnRH secretion Ex. sheep, goats
53
Partial Uterectomy (Contralateral to CL)
CL lifespan similar to normal cycle (15-17d - sheep)
54
Monoestrous
One estrous cycle per year Ex. wolves, foxes, bears, dogs (actually 2x/yr)
55
Ovaries (aka oocyte, egg, ovum)
gametes & hormones
56
Monotocous
single offspring
58
Oviducts (aka Fallopian tubes)
location of fertilization & embryo development
59
Gonadotropins
FSH & LH

Veterinary Reproduction (VEM 5111) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions