Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Reproduction (VEM 5111) > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

Oogenesis, reproductive cycle

1
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Gonadotropin Stimulates follicular growth

Receptor on granulosa cells

Synthesized & released by anterior pituitary

Stimulated by GnRH Inhibited by inhibin, estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Continuation of Oogenesis

A

Oocyte remains quiescent in prophase I until LH surge (puberty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uterine Contractility (for sperm transport)

A

Oxytocin → Ferguson’s reflex

PGF2alpha (from seminal plasma)

Estrogen (from seminal plasma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Polytocous

A

litter-boring animals (multiple offspring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs)

A

Stem cell of oogenesis

Migrate from yolk sac to genital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tertiary/Antral Follicle

A

Fluid-filled cavities form between granulosa cells (form antrum)

Theca differentiation (theca interna & externa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Luteolysis

A

Regression of CL (if female fails to become pregnant)

Dec. P4

PGF2alpha released from endometrium (uterus must be present in animal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Meiosis

A

Diploid cell (2n) -> haploid cell (n) # of xsomes reduced so resulting cells only have one copy of each homolog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Progesterone (P4)

A

Produced by CL (& placenta in horse, sheep, cow)

Maintains pregnancy

Inhibits estrous behavior, GnRH & LH secretion, synthesis of oxytocin receptors

Supersedes effects of estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Simplex Uterus

A

No uterine horns

Ex. Primates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anestrus

A

Time when female is not cycling

Ex. seasonal, pregnancy, lactation, stress (low BCS), pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Utero-tubal Junction (UTJ)

A

Sperm barrier

Selectively allows transport of morphologically normal spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theca Interna

A

Layer of tertiary follicle

LH responsive

Steroidogenic (androgen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Telophase I

A

Two unequal daughter cells formed (secondary body & polar body), each with 1 copy of homologous xsome pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (Ovarian) Axis

A

Hypothalamus (GnRH) → Anterior Pituitary (LH & FSH) → Ovary (inhibin, estrogen, progesterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mitosis

A

Diploid cell (2n) -> diploid cell (2n)

Two identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oogonia

A

PGCs that have reached genital ridge, lose motility Multiply by mitosis Interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metestrus

A

Formation of CL Dec. estrogen

Incr. P4

Female no longer receptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oogenesis

A

Formation of female gamete

Starts from undifferentiated stem cell (2n) of early embryo and is completed after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Estrus

A

Behavioral receptivity & mating occur

High estrogen

Low P4

Ovulation (most spp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Partial Uterectomy (Ipsilateral to CL)

A

CL lifespan longer than normal (35d - sheep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Polyestrous

A

Repeated estrous cycles uniformly distributed throughout year

Ex. cattle, swine, rodents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2nd Meiotic Division

A

Second meiotic arrest at metaphase II

Remains quiescent until fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cervix

A

estrus: mucus secretion
pregnancy: cervical seal

18
Q

Uterus

A

sperm transport, embryogenesis, attachment of conceptus

20
Q

Long-day Breeders

A

Cyclicity occurs in spring & summer

Melatonin inhibits

GnRH secretion -> anestrus Ex. horses

21
Q

Vagina

A

copulatory organ

22
Q

Estrous Cycle

A

Repro cycle of non-primates

Period from one estrus (heat) to the next

Follicular & luteal phases

23
Q

Seasonally Polyestrous

A

Repeated estrus cycles for portion of the year GnRH secretion regulated by photoperiod & temperature

Ex. horses (spring), sheep (fall), goats, cats

24
Q

Theca Externa

A

Layer of tertiary follicle

Fibroblast-like, required for ovulation PGF

26
Q

Luteal Phase (of estrous cycle)

A

80% of cycle

Dominated by progesterone

Metestrus & diestrus

27
Q

Proestrus

A

Decr. P4 following luteolysis

Follicles recruited

Incr. estrogen

Female attracts male but doesn’t allow mating

28
Q

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)

A

Produced by endometrium

Simulated by oxytocin binding

Responsible for luteolysis

29
Q

Granulosa

A

Oocyte surrounded by somatic cells

30
Q

Luteolysis in horses

A

PGF2alpha does NOT travel to ovary via countercurrent mechanism

PGF2alpha travels systemically

31
Q

Bicornuate Uterus

A

Presence of uterine horns

Poorly-moderately developed: mare, cow

Highly developed: bitch, queen, sow

32
Q

Diestrus

A

Uterus prepares for possible pregnancy

High P4

Female refuses male

Follicles may develop but don’t ovulate

33
Q

Melatonin

A

Indoleamin hormone

More darkness = more melatonin produced

34
Q

Granulosa cell

A

FSH responsive

Aromatase androgen → estradiol

36
Q

Prenatal Oogenesis

A

PGC (2n) → oogonia (2n) → primary oocyte (2n) → arrests development at prophase I

37
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Formation of an antral follicle starting form primordial follicle

Follicle → granulosa

38
Q

Equine Ovary

A

ovulation occurs only at ovulation fossa

40
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Gonadotropin Maturation of oocyte, triggers ovulation Promotes development & maintenance of CL

Receptors on thecal cells (early) and granulosa cells (later)

Synthesized & released by anterior pituitary

Stimulated by GnRH

Inhibited by progesterone

41
Q

Preovulatory/Graffian Follicle

A

Oocyte is located eccentrically within the antrum

43
Q

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

Synthesized & released by hypothalamus

Stimulates LH & FSH secretion by anterior pituitary

44
Q

Follicular Phase (of estrous cycle)

A

20% of cycle Dominated by estrogen

Proestrus & estrus

45
Q

Estrogen

A

Produced by ovarian follicles

Causes estrous behavior (when progesterone is low)

Inhibits FSH

High levels promote surge of GnRH & LH

46
Q

Secondary Follicle

A

Oocyte surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells (stromal & theca cell)

Follicle has independent blood supply Sensitive to hormonal regulation

48
Q

Primordial Follicle

A

Pool of resting follicles

Primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of pregranulosa cells

Formation of zona pellucida

49
Q

Telophase II

A

Cellular division into 2 unequal daughter cells (pronucleate oocyte & polar body) that are 1n, 1c

50
Q

Estrous Cycle Phases

A

Estrus → Metestrus → Diestrus → Proestrus → Estrus

51
Q

Total Uterectomy effect on CL

A

CL lifespan similar to normal gestation length (148d - sheep)

52
Q

Short-day Breeders

A

Cyclicity occurs during fall months

Melatonin stimulates GnRH secretion

Ex. sheep, goats

53
Q

Partial Uterectomy (Contralateral to CL)

A

CL lifespan similar to normal cycle (15-17d - sheep)

54
Q

Monoestrous

A

One estrous cycle per year

Ex. wolves, foxes, bears, dogs (actually 2x/yr)

55
Q

Ovaries (aka oocyte, egg, ovum)

A

gametes & hormones

56
Q

Monotocous

A

single offspring

58
Q

Oviducts (aka Fallopian tubes)

A

location of fertilization & embryo development

59
Q

Gonadotropins

A

FSH & LH

Veterinary Reproduction (VEM 5111) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions