Bird Repro

Question 1

Male Bird Xsomal Sex

Answer 1

ZZ

Question 2

Photoperiod (avian)

Answer 2

Long day stimulates LH-releasing hormone → stimulates FSH & LH

(emus are short day)

Question 2

Avian Ovulation

Answer 2

Stimulated by LH surge

No post-ovulatory CL or CH

Ovum goes through split in stigma

Question 2

Signs of Oviposition

Answer 2

(egg laying) Straining

Decr. defecation

Incr. fecal vol. (and smells nasty)

Wide-based stance

Question 3

Avian Accessory Glands

Answer 3

They don’t have any!

Question 3

Incubation (avian)

Answer 3

Decr. LH Incr. prolactin (stimulates production of milk crop in pigeons)

Development of brood patch (missing feathers)

Question 4

Air Cell

Answer 4

Forms when yolk membrane & albumen separate after the egg is laid and cools down

Question 6

Avian Epididymis

Answer 6

Usually not visible

Dorsomedial surface of testis

Relatively small

Question 7

Factors Affecting Reproductive Status (avian)

Answer 7

Photoperiod

Rainfall

Presence of mate (males active first)

Vocalization

Nesting area

Question 8

Osteomyelosclerosis

Answer 8

Ossification of the marrow in long bones of female bird

Occurs before laying

Stimulated by androgens & estrogen

Medullary bone may replace up to 75% of marrow

Radiographic changes evident

Question 9

Avian Juvenile Ovary (appearance)

Answer 9

Comma shaped

Dorsoventrally flattened

Brain-like appearance

Question 10

Avian Follicular Regression

Answer 10

Rapidly regresses after ovulation → fills w/ hypertrophied, fatty granulosa cells → further regression

No post-ovulatory CL

Question 10

Hypercalcemia (avian)

Answer 10

Incr. estrogen results in incr. plasma Ca++ for shell calcification

Question 12

Dimorphic

Answer 12

Male & female are visually different

Ex. cockatiels, budgies

Question 13

Oviposition

Answer 13

Egg laying (egg passes oviduct & out)

Question 13

Avian Dystocia (Egg Binding)

Answer 13

Can occur @ any point in oviduct (usually uterus)

Adhesions may occur (requires surgical removal)

Tx: supportive care (incr. heat & humidity), Ca++, anesthesia, egg implosion, surgery)

Question 14

Avian Ductus Deferens

Answer 14

Zigzag appearance during breeding season

Caudal border of testis to dorsal wall of cloaca

Opens into urodeum as short papilla

Question 15

Monomorphic

Answer 15

Male & female are visually the same

Ex. most parrots

Question 16

Indeterminate Layers

Answer 16

Will incr. production to replace lost eggs

Question 17

Chronic Egg Laying

Answer 17

Constantly stimulated

Predisposes to dystocia, osteoporosis

Tx: remove stimulus, give leuprolide acetate (lupron) (GnRH analogue), remove oviduct/uterus (very difficult)

Question 18

Avian Mature Ovary (appearance)

Answer 18

Tapioca-like appearance

May be melanistic (pigmented)

Question 19

Avian Testes

Answer 19

Paired bean shape

Dorsal to caudal end of lung

Cranial margin of kidney

Question 21

Yolk (avian)

Answer 21

Main source of nutrition for embryo

Question 22

Avian Phallus

Answer 22

Not a penis!

Breed by cloacal touching

Question 23

Avian Ovary (location)

Answer 23

Usually, only left side develops (exception: birds of prey, kiwi)

Caudal to lung

Cranial to kidney

Question 25

Germinal Disc

Answer 25

Opaque, circular spot in egg

Infertile - solid spot Fertile - blastoderm, looks like donut

Question 27

Female Bird Xsomal Sex

Answer 27

ZW

Question 28

Puberty in Birds

Answer 28

Females mature before males

Domestic bred usually mature before wild caught

2mos-6yrs (variation w/ species)

Question 29

Determinate Layers

Answer 29

Have a fixed number of eggs

Question 30

Magnum (avian)

Answer 30

Longest section of oviduct

Majority of albumen deposited