Female Reproduction 1

Question 1

Where are the following female reproductive parts ? (9)

Answer 1

Uterine tube 
Ovary x 2 
Womb ( uterus )
Bladder 
Urethra 
External genitalia 
Rectum 
Vagina 
Anus

Question 2

What is the ovary ? (4)

Answer 2

Paired organ, small and almond shape 
Functions;
1)oogenisis and storage of ova 
2)monthly release of ova (ovulation)
3)secretion of female sex hormones

Question 3

What are the uterine tubes ? (4)

Answer 3

Also called Fallopian tubes or oviducts
Function; muscular and hollow, they transport gamete from ovary to uterus (3-4 days)
Method: peristaltic contraction and cilia movement
Location of fertilisation

Question 4

What are the three layers of the uterus wall ? (3)

Answer 4

1. Perimetrium - outer layer
2. Myometrium - middle layer (thickest)
3. Endometrium - inside layer (gangular to support growth of embryo)

Question 5

What is the uterus ? .3.

Answer 5

• provides nutritional and physical support for embryo and foetus and waste removal
  2 zones ;
  Outer functional zone = glandular, degenerates or grows under influence of sex hormones
  Inner basilar zone = permanent part of endometrium

Question 6

What is the vagina?.4.

Answer 6

An elastic muscular tube which extends between cervix and vestibule 
Passageway for ;
1. Expulsion of menstruated fluid 
2. Entry for sperm 
3. Exit of baby during childbirth

Question 7

What is on the vagina wall? 6.

Answer 7

Forms folds - rugae 
Expand during childbirth 
Populated by harmless bacteria 
Creates an environment which is acidic 
Environment restricts growth of many pathogens 
Therefore pH of sperm is alkaline

Question 8

What is oogenisis ? 3 stages in timeline

Answer 8

Begins before birth - millions of immature gametes produces and individually stored in a follicle
At puberty - FSH triggers start of ovarian cycle and each month a few gametes develop (one released each month)
Ends at menopause - 9 (age 50) = lack of ovarian hormones to trigger reproductive cycle

Question 9

What happens in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal system ? In three different timeline periods (3)

Answer 9

In childhood ; no GnRH pulses (from hypothalamus)
At puberty ; GnRH Increases + LH AND FSH stimulated at different pulse rates of GnRH
After menopause; lower levels of oestrogen so GnRH increases therefore FSH and LH
Increase

Question 10

What are the functions of oestrogen ?

Answer 10

1. Stimulates bone and muscle growth
2. Maintains female secondary sex characteristics - body hair distribution and adipose tissue deposits and accessory reproductive organs
3. Affects CNS activity and increases sexual drive

Question 11

What happens as women get older and oestrogen decreases?

Answer 11

Leads to loss of bone mineral density - increase risk of fractures in older women