Endocrine

Question 1

What are types of endocrine glands?

Answer 1

Pituitary glands (brain)
Thyroid glands (throat)
Parathyroid gland (throat)
adrenal gland (on top of kidney)
Pancreas (stomach)

Question 2

What delivers hormones through body

Answer 2

Heart beat pumping blood through body in circulations allows hormones to travel

Question 3

What are exocrine glands?

Answer 3

Release there substance directly onto surface of the body e.g. sweat gland which releases sweat through tiny ducts onto skin surface .

Question 4

What does hormone has a specific target cell mean?

Answer 4

Even through hormones delivered to every cell in body, hormones can only attach to one receptor

Question 5

What are the two endocrine control centres that control the release hormones in body’s?
And what connects them ?

Answer 5

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Connected by “infundibulum” which is narrow bridge made of tissue
Close to brain made from glandular tissue
Anterior pituitary bigger than posterior pituitary

Question 6

Posterior pituitary ?

Answer 6

1. Antiduiretic hormone (H20 conserve in kidneys )

2. Oxytocin - childbirth - stronger contraction

Question 7

Anterior posterior hormones

Answer 7

1. Growth hormone (during childhood acts on skeletal tissue and bone, adult = maintains )
2. Prolactin (triggers milk production in mammary glands)
3. Thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH release of thyroid hormones )
4. adrenocortictrophic hormone (ACTH release of Gonadotrophin from adrenal glands)
5. follice stimulating hormone (FSH) - females, develop egg, males, triggers sperm making in testes
6. Luteinising hormone - LH - females, ovulation, males, testosterone

Question 8

What hormones are released from the thyroid gland ?

What do they do?

Answer 8

1. Tri-iodothyronine
2. Thyroxine

They boost metabolism

Question 9

Why do humans need iodine from diet?

Answer 9

For thyroid follicles that contain thyroid hormones

Question 10

What is an overactive and under active thyroid condition called?

Answer 10

Hyperthyroidism - overactive thyroid ( increased metabolic rate)
Hypothyroidism underactive thyroid (underactive thyroid - decreases metabolic rate)

Question 11

What are the cells called that are outside the follicles and what do they do ?

Answer 11

Parafolicular cells

Release calcitonin which regulates calcium levels in blood - reduced ca levels

Question 12

What are the parathyroid glands, how many and what hormone?

Answer 12

4 glands-

Parathyroid hormone - boosts levels of Ca

Question 13

Where is the adrenal glands ?

Answer 13

Sits on top of kidneys

Question 14

What are the two parts of the adrenal glands ? And hormones they release?

Answer 14

Cortex = outer layer = aldosterone (H20 reabsorption in kidneys) cortisol (glucose metabolism) 
Medulla = inner layer (sympathetic nervous system hormones) = ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE

Question 15

Where is the pancreas and what hormones are released ?

Answer 15

Both an EXOCRINE and ENDOCRINE gland
Enzymes travel through pancreatic duct and enter small intestine
Arranged in pancreatic islets
Islets release hormones INSULIN AND GLUCAGON

Question 16

How do you tell what hormones are amino acids and what are lipids ?

Answer 16

Lipids = ends in -OL OR -ONE

amino acid = ends in -INE OR HORMONE