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Physiology Exam 2 > Eye Vision > Flashcards

Eye Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the place where the optic nerves meet called?

A

Optic chisma - then split again to go to right and left side of brain then brain integrates into one image

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2
Q

What do cone cells contain?

A

11-cis retinal + different opsins = Three types of photopsin - red light, blue light and green light

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3
Q

What do rod cells contain ?

A

11- cis retinal + opsin = rhodopsin

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4
Q

What does the absorption of a photon covert retinal to and what happens as a result ?

A

11-cis retinal to 11-trans retinal which activates opsin and generates signal in brain

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5
Q

What is bleaching

A

When the rhodopsin molecule is broken down , eg when bright flash light in your eyes ,
11-trans retinal converted back to 11-cis retinal then combines with opsin to produce new rhodopsin

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6
Q

What are the layers of the retina ? 4.

A

Pigmented layer of retina
Rod and cone cells
Bipolar cells
Ganglion Cells

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7
Q

What is the visible spectrum ?

A

700nm red - 400nm violet

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8
Q

Why can’t rod cells see in colour ?

A

Can’t tell difference between wavelengths of light whereas cones can

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9
Q

What is shortsided vision ? What lens to correct it?

A

Eyeball too long - focal point in front of the retina, light rays spread out again too early.
Concave lens - spreads light rays out more

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10
Q

What is longsided vision ? What lens needed to correct it?

A

Eyeball too small, focal point falls behind the retina , vision too spread out
Convex lens brings focal point in early

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11
Q

What does light needed to be when it enters the retina to see?

A

Needs to be refracted twice, once by cornea and another by lens

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12
Q

What does the cellulary body do?

A

Contains cellular muscles responsible for adjusting shape of lens and secretory cells e.g. aqueous humour

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13
Q

Where does the aqueous humour drain ?

A

The schlemm canal , rate of production - rate of drainage

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14
Q

What is the point where you can’t see anything (blind spot) ?

A

The retinal gap, where the optic nerve meets the back of the eyeball - no rod or cone cells - where the blood supply comes from

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15
Q

What is the most metabolically active part of the body ?

A

The retina

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16
Q

What is the phovia?

A

The area where most of cone cells are - sharpest most colour dense vision is

17
Q

Where are rod cells distributed ?

A

Around the pheripheral vision

18
Q

What is the pigmented layer of retina?

A

Deepest layer, absorbs light so nothing gets reflected back out eye

19
Q

How many rod cells are there compared to cone cells ?

A

Rod cells - 125 million
Cone cells - 6 million
Bipolar cells - 1 million

20
Q

Where is visual sense first processed ?

A

The horizontal cells

21
Q

What does changes in occupational pressure lead to ?

A

Retinal detachment

22
Q

What does the pupillary muscle ?

A

Circular muscles that contract when low light to open up pupil so eyes can detect small movement .
Too much light will damaged retina so capillary constriction will limit light exposure of pupil by closing it

23
Q

What are the three layers of the posterior chamber ?

A

Outer layer = sclera
Middle layer = Uvea (iris, cillulary body, choroid layer)
Inner layer - retina

24
Q

What are the two types of humour ?

A

Aqueous humour created by ciliary body , liquid is filled with 02 glucose and proteins to nourish cornea because no blood supply
Vitreous humour in pupil stops eyeball from collapsing, fills back of eye and maintains pressure

25
Q

What is the sclera ?

A

Outersheet of optical nerves ( retinal artery and vein which carry blood supply ) - white part

26
Q

What is conjunctiva ?

A

Transparent membrane that covers and moistens the cornea and the sclera inside the eyelids

27
Q

What is the iris ?

A

Pigmented muscle that contracts and relaxes to change size of pupil and how much light is allowed to enter retina

28
Q

What is the lens ?

A

The lens is elastic and changes shape to either bring distant objects or near objects into focus. (Accommodation)
Has proteins called crystallin in them

29
Q

What is cornea ?

A

Transparent, curved cornea refracts incoming light rays, blends into sclera

30
Q

What is the punctum?

A

Tiny Holes in the corner of the eye that tears and other secretions drain through to nasalacrimal ducts into nose

31
Q

What are the lacrimal glands and ducts

A

Carry tears onto surface of eyes to lubricate and allow us to blink

32
Q

What do tears contain?

A

Antiseptic and dissolved oxygen and glucose

33
Q

What are the tarsal glands ?

A

Produce oil secretions that line the eyelash margin - modified sweat glands - mixes with tears to form oil slick on eye

34
Q

What are the inferior and superior rectus?

A

Muscles attached to the sclera which move the eyeball

Physiology Exam 2 (10 decks)

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