Female repro anatomy

Question 1

Fusion of what forms the body of the uterus and cervix?

Answer 1

Paramesonephric ducts.

Question 2

The follicle secretes?

Answer 2

Oestradiol

Question 3

The corpus luteum is a transient endocrine gland what does it secrete?

Answer 3

Progesterone.

Question 4

The corpus leteum regresses to become what?

Answer 4

Corpus albicans

Question 5

In most species follicles are primarily located on the outer surface. However in what species are they found in an ovulation fossa?

Answer 5

The horse.

Question 6

What is the broad ligament formed from?

Answer 6

The peritoneum.

Question 7

What does the broad ligament support?

Answer 7

Supports and suspends ovaries, oviduct,

uterus, cervix and anterior vagina.

Question 8

What does the broad ligament contain?

Answer 8

Houses vascularsupply, lymphatic drainage and nerves

Question 9

Where does the round ligament run?

Answer 9

Runs caudal from the tip of the uterine horn to the inguinal canal.

Question 10

What are the three components of the broad ligament?

Answer 10

Mesovarium
. Houses blood and lymphatics supplying ovary
Mesosalpinx
. Supports oviducts and serves as bursa like pouch
surrounding ovary
Mesometrium
. Supports uterine horns and body of uterus

Question 11

What are the three regions of the oviduct/fallopian tube?

Answer 11

Infundibulum (captures oocyte), ampulla and isthmus.

Question 12

The uterine tube runs within the?

Answer 12

Mesopsalpinx.

Question 13

The ovarian artery supplies the ovaries where does it come from?

Answer 13

Originates directly from the aorta.

Question 14

What branch of the ovarian artery supplies the tip of the uterine horn and anastomoses with the uterine artery in the broad ligament?

Answer 14

Uterine branch.

Question 15

What does the utero-ovarian countercurrent transport system do?

Answer 15

PGF2a is secreted by the endometrium where it passes into the ovarian vein. PGF2a then passes into the ovarian artery which is closely intertwined with the vein. This means high concentrations of PGF2a are delivered to the ovary.

Question 16

What are the functions of the uterus?

Answer 16

Functions
— Production of prostaglandin to control cyclical activity
(except bitch)
— Sperm transport / storage (also a function of secretion)
— Environment for early embryo (also a function of
secretion)
— Contribution to the placenta
— Parturition

Question 17

What are the three different types of uterus?

Answer 17

Duplex (seen in opossum)
— 2 cervical canals, separate uterine horns
Bicornuate
— 2 uterine horns, small uterine body
Simplex
— Single uterine body with remnants of uterine horns.

Question 18

The uterine and vaginal arteries are branches of what?

Answer 18

The internal iliac artery.

Question 19

Which species does not have a uterine artery?

Answer 19

Dogs and cats.

Question 20

What are the vagina and cervix deriived from?

Answer 20

Vagina: Urogenital sinus.
Cervix: Fused paramesonephric ducts and cranial end of developing vagina.

Question 21

What are the hormonal effects on the caudal vagina of oestrogen?

Answer 21

Causes squamous epithelium thickening which allows:
— Mechanical protection of vagina during copulation
— Block to microorganisms getting into submucosa
. Some species — can swab vagina and determine stage of cycle

Question 22

What is the vestibule?

Answer 22

The vestibule is the portion of the vagina that is common to both the urinary system and the reproductive system.

Question 23

What is the innervation of the ovaries?

Answer 23

Sympathetic from mesenteric plexus.

Question 24

What is the innervation of the uterus, cervix and vagina?

Answer 24

PNS and SNS from pelvic plexus.

Question 25

The follicle secretes?

Answer 25

Oestradiol.

Question 26

Briefly outline the germ cell maturation process of the oocyte?

Answer 26

1. )Oogonia proliferate via mitosis before meiosis starts.
2. )Meiosis starts before birth meaning oocyte number is fixed before birth.
3. ) Until puberty they are arrested in meiosis 1.
4. )Meoiosis resumes for the chosen egg at each oestrus cycle.
5. ) This primary oocyte undergo mitosis again.
6. ) A secondary oocyte is formed (only one set of genetic material the rest is expelled as a polar body).
7. ) This secondary oocyte is ovulated and arrested at meiosis 2 until fertilisation completes the process and a second polar body is released.

Question 27

What initiates follicle recruitment?

Answer 27

FSH wave

Question 28

How does follicle selection occur?

Answer 28

Initially there are a cohort of growing follicles that are dependent on FSH for support.
These produce inhibin and oestradiol which negatively feedback on the pituitary gland which suppresses FSH only meaning apart from the dominant follicle other follicles are inhibited.
The follicles become dependent on LH and some will start to undergo atresia but one will become dominant.

Question 29

What inhibits follicle dominance and ovulation in the dairy cow follicular waves?

Answer 29

Progesterone.

Question 30

What stimulates aromatase activity and what does aromatase do?

Answer 30

FSH and LH.

Helps convert testosterone to oestradiol.

Question 31

Which two cell types are involved in oestradiol production and what is the process?

Answer 31

Theca interna cells and granulosal cells.

Theca cells have a LH receptor they convert cholesterol to testosterone. This testosterone passes to the granulosal cells with FSH receptors where the testosterone is converted to oestradiol.

Question 32

Ovulation is initiated by what?

Answer 32

The LH surge (which is initiated by the oestradiol).

Question 33

What is a luteotroph?

Answer 33

A hormone that supports the growth /function of corpus luteum.

Question 34

In ruminants, sows and mares LH is the luteotrophic hormone. What is it in rodents?

Answer 34

Prolactin

Question 35

Which luteal cells are responsible for the majority of the progesterone production?

Answer 35

Large luteal cells.

Question 36

What is the key luteolytic hormone?

Answer 36

prostaglandin F2a