Bird repro

Question 1

Where are the testis found in birds?

Answer 1

Intraabdominal

Cranioventral to first kidney lobe, near abdominal air sac

Question 2

When does spermatogenesis happen?

Answer 2

— better at cooler temp so happens at night when it is(cooler).

Question 3

Where does the ductus deferens terminate in the bird?

Answer 3

Terminates in the urodeum on papilla

Question 4

What is the variation of phallus amongst species in birds?

Answer 4

1.) No phallus, 2.)Phallus (but not used for intromission) and 3.) phallus (used for intromission).

1 and 2 used cloaca to cloaca contact to transfer semen.

Question 5

What kind of erection do birds have?

Answer 5

Lymphatic and they have no accessory sex glands.

Question 6

Which ovary is functional in the female reproductive tract?

Answer 6

The left. The right only functions if the left is damaged or removed.

Question 7

What does each egg contain?

Answer 7

Single cell with lipid inclusion body (yolk)

Question 8

What does each follicle contain?

Answer 8

Oocyte, granulosa cells, theca cells and yolk.

Question 9

How do the follicles mature?

Answer 9

In a hiearchy.

Question 10

What is the different function of theca and granulosa cells in birds compared to mammals?

Answer 10

In mammals granulosa cell produce estradiol and progesterone occurs after lutenisation in theca cells. However in birds the granulosa cells produce progesterone where it is converted to estradiol in theca cells.

Question 11

What hormone is high during brooding?

Answer 11

Prolactin

Question 12

What hormone is high just prior to egg laying?

Answer 12

Oestradiol.

Question 13

What hormone is high during the egg laying period?

Answer 13

Progesterone.

Question 14

What does oestrogen work to stimulate prior to egg laying?

Answer 14

Calcium ATPase, VLDL production in liver for yolk, oviduct enlargement, plumage and comb size to show receptivity.

Question 15

As follicles mature what happens to theca cells?

Answer 15

enzyme activity decreases in theca cells and granulosa cells produce more progesterone for egg laying period.

Question 16

What triggers ovulation in birds?

Answer 16

Progesterone.

Question 17

Do birds form corpus luteums?

Answer 17

No there is not fetus to maintain as they lay eggs outside the body.

Question 18

What is the function of the infundibulum in female birds?

Answer 18

It is ciliated columnar epithelium that captures ovulated

ovum. Fertilisation takes place in the infundibulum.

Question 19

How long can sperm survive in the sperm storage tubules?

Answer 19

10-14 days meaning fertilisation can happen long after mating.

Question 20

Give an overview of egg production?

Answer 20

. Infundibulum (<1 hr): chalazae added
. Magnum (>3 hrs): albumen added
. Isthmus (1 - 1 1/2 hrs): inner and outer
shell membranes added
. Uterus/shell gland (20 hrs): shell,
cuticle, +1- pigment added 
. Vagina and cloaca (seconds - hours):
oviposition

Question 21

What is a pause day caused by in domestic hens?

Answer 21

In the domestic hen an Egg is laid 24-26 hours
after ovulation
The next Ovulation happens 15-75 min after
oviposition
Therefore each ovulation will occur just a little but
later each day
.This causes them to miss an open period and go a day without laying every now and then =“pause day”

Question 22

What environmental factors can inhibit reproduction?

Answer 22

. They must have Access to nest box to
prime repro activity.
. Full access to mate
Auditory < Auditory &amp; Visual < Full Contact
. Monogamous birds — need to form pair
bond to breed.
‘ Photostimulation

Question 23

Photosensitivity is important in reproduction behaviour. why?

Answer 23

Birds must be in a Photosensitive state to
respond to daylight stages and short
length daylight primes them.
L#tW kIDOU . M
Seasonal Influence:
Daylight
. Light exposure must be at critical times
— First check at Dawn
- Second check Photosensitive phase (13-
17 hrs after dawn)

Question 24

A ZW would be?

Answer 24

Female

Question 25

A ZZ would be?

Answer 25

Male

Question 26

What are some methods for sexing birds?

Answer 26

. DNA (blood, feathers, eggshell)
. Endoscopy
. Fecal hormones
. Instrument sexing
. Vent sexing
. Auto-sexing
— Colour sexing (certain breeds males are diff
colour silver male)
— Feather sexing (female feathers longer)