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Repro 2 AH > Female Genital Tract 3 - Dobson > Flashcards

Female Genital Tract 3 - Dobson Flashcards

1
Q

What has the morphology of unilateral, cut-surface is solid yellow-white to gray pink and made of large vesicular cells w/clear cytoplasm and 1/3 are malignant?

Prognosis?

A

Dysgerminoma

Excellent

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of serous epithelial tumors?

A

Benign (60%)
Borderline
Malignant (25-30%) aka Cystadenocarcinoma

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4
Q

What causes extensive mucinous ascites, cystic epithelial implants on the peritoneal surfaces, adhesions, and frequent involvement of the ovaries?

Origin?

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Appendiceal

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6
Q

Morphology of serous ovarian tumors in general?

A

Bilateral

Involves the surface

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7
Q

What Mullerian tumors are metastatic to the ovary?

A

Uterus
Fallopian tube
Opposite ovary
Pelvic peritoneum

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8
Q

Teratoma karyotype?

B/l or unilateral?

A

46 XX

Uni

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9
Q

What is the triad of ovarian tumor, hydrothroax Right side, and ascites?

A

Meigs syndrome

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12
Q

What presents w/bleeding not related to cycle, watery/blood vaginal discharge, abnormal Pap, abdominal swelling and occurs in postmenopausal Whites?

Prognosis?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube

Poor prognosis

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14
Q

Most ovarian carcinomas present w/what symptoms?

Metastasize where?

A

Weakness
Weight loss –> cachexia

Liver, lungs, GI, other ovary

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15
Q

What tumor presents in children or young women that c/o abdominal pain and a rapidly growing pelvic mass?

Survival w/chemo?

A

Yolk sac tumor

80%

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17
Q

High grade serous ovarian tumor morphology?

A

Atypia, pleomorphism, multinucleation

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18
Q

What functional tumor produces masculinization or defeminization w/a peak incidence in women 20-30?

A

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

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19
Q

Ovarian neoplasms are 80% what and occur in whom?

A

Benign, young women

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20
Q

Yolk sac tumor secretes what?

Has what?

A

Alpha-FP

Schiller Duval bodies

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21
Q

What are RFs for malignant serous ovarian tumors?

A

Low parity
FMH
BRCA1/2 mutation

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22
Q

What has a mutation in DICER1?

A

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

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25
Q

Mucinous ovarian tumors have what mutation?

A

KRAS

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28
Q

PCOS is characterized by multiple cysts and what clinically?

A

Hyperandrogenism
Menstrual irregularities
Chronic anovulation
Decreased fertility

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31
Q

What presents w/infrequent but significant cause of acute lower abdominal pain presents at median age 28 w/a second peak postmenopausal with a tube often involved?

A

Ovarian torsion

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34
Q

Mature teratoma/Dermoid cyst b/l %?

Found in whom? When?

Arise from what?

A

10-15%

Young women incidentally OR in inflammatory condition like limbic encephalitis

Ovum after 1st meiotic division

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35
Q

What is the clinical presentation of ovarian epithelial tumors?

A

Lower abdominal pain and enlargement

Can impinge on other organs

37
Q

High grade serous ovarian tumors have mutations in what?

A

TP53

Rb

38
Q

What tumor may cause hyperthyroidism?

A

Struma ovarian (monodermal teratoma)

Always unilateral

39
Q

Granulosa cell tumors occur in whom?

Clinical course?

May cause what?

A

2/3 occur in postmenopausal women

Indolent

Precocious puberty, breast disease, endometrial hyperplasia and cancer

41
Q

Poorly diff sertoli-leydig cell tumors have what pattern?

A

Sarcomatous

Unilateral

43
Q

Mucinous ovarian tumors bolded morphology?

A

Don’t involve the surface

Only 5% b/l

44
Q

What tumor has a mutation in FOXL2 in the adult version only?

A

Granulosa cell tumor

45
Q

What has Reinke crystalloids and women present w/masculinization?

Benign or malignant?

A

Hilus cell tumor

Benign

46
Q

Serous ovarian Borderline tumor morphology?

A

Stromal papillae w/epithelial proliferation growing as “micropapillary carcinoma”, precursor to low-grade cancer

47
Q

What has strong (+) to inhibin and secretes estrogen?

A

Granulosa cell tumor

48
Q

What are fallopian tubes formed from?

A

Upper infused Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct

49
Q

What extra-Mullerian tumors are metastatic to the ovary?

A 
Colon
Stomach
Pancreas
Biliary tract
Breast
50
Q

Endometrioid ovarian tumors arise in the setting of what?

15-30% accompanied by what?

A

Endometriosis, can have a chocolate cyst

Uterine endometrial carcinoma

53
Q

What morphology is described by unilateral, stroma marked by sharply demarcated nests of epithelioid cells?

A

Transitional cell tumor

54
Q

What forms Hydatids of Morgagni?

What are they?

A

Remnants of Wolffian/mesonephric duct

Paratubal cyst, paraovarian cyst

55
Q

What tumor is made of immature neuroepithelium, has areas of necrosis and hemorrhage and is found in teens w/a mean age of 18?

Prognosis?

A

Immature (malignant) teratoma

Excellent for stage 1 grade 1

56
Q

What are sx of PCOS?

A 
Amenorrhea
Acne
Hirsutism
Acanthosis nigricans 
Deepening voice
58
Q

Mucinous ovarian tumors what morphology?

A

Large cystic masses (>25kg)
Fluid rich in glycoproteins
Columnar epithelium

60
Q

What has the morphology of unilateral, yellow, made of small cuboidal to polygonal cells and has Call-Exner bodies?

A

Granulosa cell tumor

62
Q

Pts w/PCOS also have what underlying disorders?

A

Obesity
T2DM
Early atherosclerosis
Increased E1

63
Q

What tumor presents w/increased hCG, occurs in prepubertal females and does not respond to chemo, meaning it is fatal?

A

Choriocarcinoma

64
Q

Dysgerminoma occurs in whom?

Increased levels of what?

What mutation?

A

75% in 20-30s, pseudohermaphroditism

hCG

KIT, OCT-3, OCT4, NANOG

65
Q

Transitional cell tumor is aka what?

Malignant version is what grade and type?

A

Brenner tumor - Benign

Low-grade type 1 carcinoma

68
Q

What is a very common (incidental) finding which may be palpable or may cause pain and is benign?

A

Cystic follicle

If > 2cm then called follicle cyst

72
Q

What tumor has a smooth glistening cyst wall with no epithelial thickening or only small papillary projections w/cilia present?

A

Benign ovarian tumor –> serous cystadenoma

74
Q

Mucinous carcinoma has what morphology?

A

Glandular growth and expansile invasion

75
Q

What tumor marker is used to monitor recurrence and progression of ovarian tumors?

What other new one?

A

CA-125

HE4

76
Q

Endometrioid ovarian tumors have what mutations?

Morphology?

5yr survival rate in pt w/stage 1?

A

PTEN, PIK3CA, ARID1A, KRAS, CTNNB1

40% b/l, low-grade, rarely benign (adenofibroma)

75%

80
Q

What is adnexa?

A

Fallopian tube and ovary together

83
Q

Malignant ovarian serous tumors spread where?

A

Peritoneum and omentum

84
Q

Low grade serous ovarian tumors have mutations in what?

A

KRAS
BRAF
ERBB2

89
Q

What causes salpingitis?

A

N. Gonorrhea or chlamydia via ascending infection

Repro 2 AH (6 decks)

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