Female external genitalia, vagina, cervix, A&P, Pathophysiology

Question 1

What lines the uterus

Answer 1

glandular cells

Question 2

what lines the portio vaginalis

Answer 2

sqamous epithelim

Question 3

what do glandular cells secret in response to hormonal changes

Answer 3

estrogen: watery
Progesterone: thick
stringy mucus

Question 4

what is the pH of vaginal discharge

Answer 4

4-4.5
acidic because of lactobacilli which is normal vagina flora, causing conversion of glycogen to lactic acid

Question 5

what decreases vaginal pH

Answer 5

lactic acid produced by lactobacillus

Question 6

What is vulvovaginitis

Answer 6

inflammatory reaction of the vulva and vagina
causing inflammation leading to erythema, pruritis, burning, dyspareunia

Question 7

what can cause vulvovaginitis

Answer 7

multifactorial: STI, ABX, hormonal imbalance, douching, sexual activity

Question 8

What is the most common infectious vulvovaginitis

Answer 8

candidasis
bacterial vaginosis
trichomonas

Question 9

what are causes of non-infectious vulvovaginitis

Answer 9

tropical irritants or allergens
systemic disorders such as SLE, RA

Question 10

What are the common causes of cervicitis

Answer 10

M/c associated with STI such as gonorrhea or chlamydia
- noninfectious source can be associated with inserted FB

Question 11

What are symptoms of cervicitis

Answer 11

spotting, dyspareunia, pruritis, vaginal discharge
will cause cervical tissue to be more friable

Question 12

What is condylomata acuminata

Answer 12

anogenital warts associated with HPV infection

Question 13

what HPV subtype is anogenital warts most commonly associated wtih

Answer 13

Subtyes 6 and 11

Question 14

what is cervical dysplasia concerning for

Answer 14

cellular changes concerning for early cancer - associated with HPV infection

Question 15

What is Condylomata lata

Answer 15

form of secondary syphilis with painless anogenital warts

Question 16

what are the subtypes of HPV associated with cervical dysplasia

Answer 16

16 and 18

Question 17

how do you evaluate for spirochetes

Answer 17

darkfield microscopy

Question 18

What is the first stage of syphilis

Answer 18

Chancre: firm, non-tender ulcer on punched out base with rolled boarders

Question 19

What is the secondary stage of syphilis

Answer 19

bacteremic infection
widespread rash on palms, soles, intraocular mucous membranes
condyloma latum
about 6 weeks after the resolution of chancre

Question 20

what suppors the female pelvic organs

Answer 20

fascia and perineal muscles
levator ani- primary support structure

Question 21

what are pelvic organ prolapse be associated with

Answer 21

previous trauma such as child birth, surgical intervention, neurologic dysfunction (pudendal nerve), obesity, heavy lifting or repetative intraabdominal pressure

Question 22

What is an anterior pelvic organ prolapse

Answer 22

cystocele (bladder descending to impair vaginal canal)

Question 23

what is a posterior pelvic organ prolapse

Answer 23

rectocele (rectum descending to impair vaginal canal)

Question 24

what is enerocele

Answer 24

intestines describing to impair vaginal canal

Question 25

what is apical compartment prolapse

Answer 25

uterine and vaginal vault herniation

Question 26

What are bartholin cysts

Answer 26

lubricating bartholin glands becomes blocked so that the fluid accumulates
associated with vulvar edema

Question 27

What are endocervical polyps

Answer 27

polyps in the cervixs
thought to be chronic inflammatory change - underlying cause unknown
may be hormonally mediated

Question 28

What is an anovaginal fistula

Answer 28

tract that forms between the rectum or anus

Question 29

what are anovaginal fistulas associated with

Answer 29

m/c associated with trauma or childbirth
can be associated with prolonged labor or complication of repair of 3rd or 4th degree tearing