Female external genitalia, vagina, cervix, A&P, Pathophysiology Flashcards
What lines the uterus
glandular cells
what lines the portio vaginalis
sqamous epithelim
what do glandular cells secret in response to hormonal changes
estrogen: watery
Progesterone: thick
stringy mucus
what is the pH of vaginal discharge
4-4.5
acidic because of lactobacilli which is normal vagina flora, causing conversion of glycogen to lactic acid
what decreases vaginal pH
lactic acid produced by lactobacillus
What is vulvovaginitis
inflammatory reaction of the vulva and vagina
causing inflammation leading to erythema, pruritis, burning, dyspareunia
what can cause vulvovaginitis
multifactorial: STI, ABX, hormonal imbalance, douching, sexual activity
What is the most common infectious vulvovaginitis
candidasis
bacterial vaginosis
trichomonas
what are causes of non-infectious vulvovaginitis
tropical irritants or allergens
systemic disorders such as SLE, RA
What are the common causes of cervicitis
M/c associated with STI such as gonorrhea or chlamydia
- noninfectious source can be associated with inserted FB
What are symptoms of cervicitis
spotting, dyspareunia, pruritis, vaginal discharge
will cause cervical tissue to be more friable
What is condylomata acuminata
anogenital warts associated with HPV infection
what HPV subtype is anogenital warts most commonly associated wtih
Subtyes 6 and 11
what is cervical dysplasia concerning for
cellular changes concerning for early cancer - associated with HPV infection
What is Condylomata lata
form of secondary syphilis with painless anogenital warts
what are the subtypes of HPV associated with cervical dysplasia
16 and 18
how do you evaluate for spirochetes
darkfield microscopy
What is the first stage of syphilis
Chancre: firm, non-tender ulcer on punched out base with rolled boarders
What is the secondary stage of syphilis
bacteremic infection
widespread rash on palms, soles, intraocular mucous membranes
condyloma latum
about 6 weeks after the resolution of chancre
what suppors the female pelvic organs
fascia and perineal muscles
levator ani- primary support structure
what are pelvic organ prolapse be associated with
previous trauma such as child birth, surgical intervention, neurologic dysfunction (pudendal nerve), obesity, heavy lifting or repetative intraabdominal pressure
What is an anterior pelvic organ prolapse
cystocele (bladder descending to impair vaginal canal)
what is a posterior pelvic organ prolapse
rectocele (rectum descending to impair vaginal canal)
what is enerocele
intestines describing to impair vaginal canal
what is apical compartment prolapse
uterine and vaginal vault herniation
What are bartholin cysts
lubricating bartholin glands becomes blocked so that the fluid accumulates
associated with vulvar edema
What are endocervical polyps
polyps in the cervixs
thought to be chronic inflammatory change - underlying cause unknown
may be hormonally mediated
What is an anovaginal fistula
tract that forms between the rectum or anus
what are anovaginal fistulas associated with
m/c associated with trauma or childbirth
can be associated with prolonged labor or complication of repair of 3rd or 4th degree tearing
