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CABS3: Womens Health > 1,000ft View Conception and Pregnancy > Flashcards

1,000ft View Conception and Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

what is a Graafian follicle

A

the developed follicle at the edge of the ovary prepared for rupture of contained ova. Remnants will become corpus lutetium

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2
Q

where is the area of implantation of a fertilized egg

A

stromal cell of the endometrium

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3
Q

how many sperm are released during ejactulation

A

500,000,000

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4
Q

how many sperm will reach the fallopian tube ampulla

A

few thousand

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5
Q

what is the pH of sperm

A

7.5

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6
Q

what makes up semen

A

sperm accounts for 10%
seminal fluid is the bulk
prostate fluid - causes white color

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7
Q

how long will sperm live for at body temp

A

24-48 hours

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8
Q

What is capacitation

A

degranulation of the head of the sperm to break down barriers (aka follicular layer of ovum)

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9
Q

What is the corona radiata

A

remaining follicular cells after release of the ovum from Graafian follicle. contains carbs for ovum as well as hyaluronic acid

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10
Q

what is zona pellucida

A

layer of glycoproteins that prevent multiple sperm from binding. initiates sport capitation

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11
Q

what is monospermy

A

once sperm has entered the ovum, cell will depolarize so no others are able to enter

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12
Q

who determines sex

A

dad - delivery of either X or Y gene

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13
Q

what is the SRY gene

A

gene is on the Y chromosome
without SRU expression, female characteristics will continue to develop

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14
Q

when does implantation occur

A

between day 16 and 22 of normal cycle

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15
Q

what occurs during implantation

A

corpus luteum is active and progesterone is causing secretory phase of endometrial lining
blastocysts loses its outer covering

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16
Q

what is a blastocyst

A

By the fifth or sixth day, the fertilized egg is known as a blastocyst — a rapidly dividing ball of cells. The inner group of cells (pole) will become the embryo.

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17
Q

what do the stromal cells of the endometrium release

A

glycogen, proteins, lipids to ensure nutrition for development of fetal tissue

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18
Q

when does placenta develop for function

A

by day 16

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19
Q

what is the inner aspect of the trophoblast

A

amnion

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20
Q

what is the outer layer of the trophoblast

A

chorion

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21
Q

what does the trophoblast secrete

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (Hcg)

22
Q

what causes the continued stimulation of corpus luteum to secrete progesterone

A

the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin

23
Q

when is the hypothalamus/pituitary developed in utero

A

by 12th week

24
Q

what develops into the placenta

A

trophoblastic cords from blastocysts

25
Q

when does the fetal heart begin to contract

A

day 21

26
Q

how is fetal hemoglobin different than regular hemoglobin

A

cary 20-50% more O2 than mom hemoglobin
hgb can carry more O2 with lower CO2
increases O2 delivery for fetus
left shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

27
Q

where should the location of the placenta be

A

superior

28
Q

what does the placenta secrete

A

estrogens and progestins

29
Q

what does progesterone do throughout pregnancy

A

helps keep uterine contractions low throughout pregnancy
increased breast development throughout pregnancy

30
Q

what does estrogen do during pregnancy

A

increases Na+ and H20 reabsorption in the kidneys - fluid retention
causes vasodilation to prepare for the required demand of uterine contraction
spikes at end of pregnancy

31
Q

what is the normal amount of amniotic fluid

A

500 - 1,000mL

32
Q

how often is fluid exchanged for amniotic fluid

A

fluid exchanged every 3 hours, key electrolytes every 15 hours

33
Q

what are the effects of the pituitary during pregnancy

A

increase in size by up to 50% in mom
increases release of ACTH, thyrotropin and prolactin
decrease in FSH/LH as result of negative feedback loop from the increased placental secretion of estrogen and progesterone

34
Q

what happens with the adrenal glands during pregnancy

A

glucocortiocids increase to increase amnio acid levels to be used by fetal tissues
increased aldosterone secretion- Na+ reabsorption - increased fluid retention

35
Q

what happens with the thyroid and parathyroid during pregnancy

A

gland enlarges by 50% during pregnancy
hcg and placenta causes increase in thyroid hormone demand
fetus will increase demand for calcium, if not maintained through diet, PTH will increase - increased osteoclastic activity - increased circulating calcium

36
Q

what are the changes for mom during pregnancy

A

uterus will increase 22x from baseline
breast doubled in size
CO increased 30-60% in first trimester
decreased BP
plasma volume increases
increased factors VII - X
minute ventilation increases
progesterone will increase sensitivity to CO2 levels
hormones
weight gain

37
Q

what is the typical weight gain during pregnancy

A

25-35lbs
-baby: 8lbs
-uterus: 3lbs
-breasts: 2lbs
-fluid retention: 5lbs
-fat accumulation: 3-13lbs
-increased hunger

38
Q

what does the increased progesterone and hCG cause

A

N/V, associated with relaxed stomach muscles, decreased gastrointestinal motility

39
Q

what are early pregnancy symptoms

A

late period
tender breasts
light spotting
nausea
fatigue
cramping

40
Q

when does the fetus grow the most

A

the last 2 months of pregnancy

41
Q

when does moms metabolism increase and body heat increase

A

third trimester

42
Q

what occurs for mom during third trimester

A

minute ventilation increases
decreased intrathoracic cavity and movement of diaphragm
increased heat b/c of metabolism and fetal change
increased urination
increased swelling
braxton-hicks
increased breast growth, may have galactorrhea
back pain

43
Q

what is parturition

A

labor to delivery

44
Q

what are the hormonal changes during parturition

A

decrease progesterone
increase of estrogen

45
Q

what are the stages of labor

A

1st: onset to complete dilation
2nd: cervical dilation to birth of baby
3rd: delivery of placenta

46
Q

what is the first stage of labor

A

onset to complete dilation
move to more regular contractions with increase strength and decrease in time
prostaglandins allow for appropriate progression

47
Q

what is the timing progression of dilation

A

typically 1-2 cm dilation/hr in active phase

48
Q

what is the 2nd stage of labor

A

cervical dilation to birth of baby
oxytocin will maintain the contractions for completion of delivery
fetus will enter pelvis

49
Q

what is the 3rd stage of labor

A

delivery of placenta
as placenta separates, will see increased vaginal bleeding
fundus of uterus will become more rounded and expel the placenta

50
Q

how quickly after baby delivery will the placenta be delivered

A

typically 5-30 minutes after

CABS3: Womens Health (6 decks)

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