Breast A&P, Pathophysiology Flashcards
what allows for movement of the breast tissue
retromammary space, bursal tissue
what does breast tissue contain
glandular tissue: ductal system, lobules
fibrous tissue: ligaments and supportive tissue
fatty tissue
how many lobules are attached to lactiferous ducts
15-20 lobules of mammary glnad
what carries the milk produced to the nipple
lactiferous duct
what do the mammary duct come together to form
lactiferous sinus
where is milk excreted from
lactiferous duct
what is the venous drainage from in the breast
axillary vein primarily
sometimes to internal thoracic vein
where does lymphatic fluid from the nipple, areola and lobules collect
subareolar lymphatic plexus
where does lymph drain
axillary lymph nodes or into parasternal lymph nodes
what is the innervation of the breast
anterior and lateral branches off intercostal nerves
what encourages ductal growth and fat distribution
Estrogen
what encourages gland growth
progesterone
what is the functional unit of the breast
Acini (Acinus)
lined with epithelial cells, able to secrete milk
what do the Acini dump into
interlobular collecting system
what is the first sign of puberty for women
breast development
what increases the development of lobular ducts and fat deposition
estrogen
what stimulates milk production
prolactin
what stimulates let-down effect
oxytocin
what is premenstrual breast fullness or discomfort is associated with
progesterone causing dilation of the ducts
how much increase in breast volume do we have during premenstrual period
10-30mL
what is the first milk produced after delivery
colostrum
What is fibrocystic breasts (old name)
most common pathology in the world
changes which lead to breast tissue being more dense
most commonly palpated in the upper/outer breast tissue
what are fibrocystic breasts thought to be associated with
alteration of estrogen/progesterone or increase in prolactin
what is a fibroadenoma
benign breast masses typically 1-3cm in diameter
present as firm, mobile and painless
typically solitary but can have multiple
what is inflammation of the breast tissue typically seen with breast feeding
mastitis
when is mastitis most comon
first 3 months of lactation
what is the most common pathology of infectious mastitis
S. aureus
what is a complication of mastitis or cellulitis with formation of pocket of purulent fluid
breast abscess
what is inappropriate lactation
galactorrhea
what can cause galactorrhea
hormonal disturbance - hyperprolactinemia
m/c associated with hypothalamic pituitary disorders, pituitary tumors or trauma
also associated with drugs
what is excess breast tissue in males
gynecomastia
when is gyneocomastia most common
adolescents and men >50yo
what can cause gynecomastia
d/t medications, paraneoplastic syndrome. weight gain, stress
what meds can cause gynecomastia
spironolactone
antipsychotics - lithium
what are the causes of breast cancer
hormonal changes/triggers
genetic predisposition
epigenetics
environmental exposures
reproductive
what is the most common breast cancer
adenocarcinomas (glandular cancer)
