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Reproduction > Female anatomy > Flashcards

Female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What ar the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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2
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Innermost epithelial layer of the uterus, with mucous membrane

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3
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

Muscular middle layer of uterus

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4
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus?

A

Uterine artery

Ovarian artery

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5
Q

What is the path of the ovarian artery?

A

Descends within suspensory ligament

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage of the uterus?

A

Uterine veins

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7
Q

What is the nerve supply of the uterus?

A

Sympathetic- hypogastric plexus and ovarian plexus
Para- S2-4
Sensory- T11-L2

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus?

A

Body and cervix- internal iliac

Fundus- paraaortic, lumbar, superficial inguinal

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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

A 
Broad ligament
Round ligament
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
Cardinal ligament
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10
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Peritoneal fold that overlies uterus and attaches it and the ovaries and fallopian tubes against the pelvic wall

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11
Q

What are the sections of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium

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12
Q

What is the function of the round ligament?

A

Maintain anteversion f uterus

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13
Q

What is the path of the round ligament?

A

Exits pelvis via deep inguinal ring and continues to labia majora

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14
Q

What are the contents of the suspensory ligament?

A

Ovarian artery
Ovarian vein
Ovarian nerve plexus
Lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

What is the function of the cardinal ligament?

A

Hold cervix in place

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16
Q

What are the 4 segments if the fallopian tube?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intrauterine

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17
Q

What is the longest and widest section of the fallopian tube?

A

Ampulla

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18
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tube

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19
Q

What is the histological appearance of the fallopian tube?

A

Labyrinthine lumen

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20
Q

What is the normal orientation of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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21
Q

What is the angle of ante version?

A

Angle between axis of vagina and cervix

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22
Q

What is the angle of ante flexion?

A

Angle between axis of cervix and uterine body

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23
Q

When do we talk about segments of the uterus?

A

During pregnancy

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24
Q

Where is the uterus open during a C section?

A

Lower segment

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25
Q

What is the upper segment of the uterus?

A

Main body

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26
Q

What is the histological appearance of uterus in proliferative phase?

A

thick and richly vascularised endometrium

Small, oval glands

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27
Q

What is the histological appearance of a uterus in the secretory phase?

A

Corkscrew shaped glands filled with glycogen

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28
Q

What is the blood supply of the ovaries?

A

Ovarian artery

Uterine artery

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29
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?

A

Pampniform plexus and veins and ovarian veins

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30
Q

Where does the ovarian vein drain to?

A

Left- left renal vain

Right- IVC

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31
Q

What is the nerve supply of the ovary?

A

Ovarian plexus

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32
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

A

Para-aortic

33
Q

What ligaments support the ovaries?

A

Ovarian

Suspensory

34
Q

Where is the ovarian ligament?

A

From uterus to ovary

35
Q

Where is the suspensory ligament?

A

From ovary to pelvic wall

36
Q

What happens to the ovaries after the menopause?

A

Become atrophied and fibrous

37
Q

What are the 3 sections of the clitoris?

A

Glans
Body
Legs

38
Q

What forms the body of the clitoris?

A

Corpus cavernosum

39
Q

What are the legs of the clitoris?

A

Crura

40
Q

What is the function of the crura of the clitoris?

A

Connect corpus cavernous to rami of pubis and ischium

41
Q

What covers the crura of the clitoris?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the clitoris?

A

Dorsal nerve of clitoris, a brach of the oudendal

43
Q

What lies superior to the posterior fornix?

A

REcto-uterine pouch

44
Q

What is the clinical significance of th recto-uterine pouch?

A

Lowest point in peritoneal cavity i.e. likely place for spread of ascites, pus…

45
Q

What forms the vesicle-utrine pouch?

A

Peritoneaum over bladder and uterus

46
Q

What are the vaginal fornices?

A

Superior portions of the vagina extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of the cervix

47
Q

What is the blood supply of the cervix?

A

Vaginal artery

Uterine artery

48
Q

What is the cervical canal?

A

Spindle shaped flattened canal of cervix

49
Q

What is the ectocervix?

A

Portion f cervix that extends into vagina

50
Q

What are the 2 openings of the cervix?

A

Internal os

External os

51
Q

What are the ovarian arteries a branch of?

A

Abdo aorta

52
Q

What do the ovarian arteries supply?

A

Ovaries

Uterus

53
Q

What are the uterine arteries a branch of?

A

Internal iliac

54
Q

What do the uterine arteries supply?

A 
Round ligament of uterus
Uterus
Ovaries
Cervix
Vagina
Fallopian tubes
55
Q

What is the vaginal artery a branch of?

A

Internal iliac

56
Q

What does the vaginal artery supply?

A

Urinary bladder
Ureter
Vagina
Cervix

57
Q

What does the internal pudendal artery supply?

A

Clitoris
Lower part of vagina
Labia
Superficial perineum

58
Q

What is the venous drainage of the uterus and cervix?

A

Uterine plexus and veins

59
Q

What do the uterine veins drain to?

A

Internal iliac

60
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?

A

Pamniform plexus and veins to ovarian veins

61
Q

Where do the ovarian veins drain to?

A

L to left renal vein

R to IVC

62
Q

What do the vaginal plexus and veins drain?

A

Vagina
Uterus
Lower part of urinary bladder
REctum

63
Q

What are the root values of the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

64
Q

What are the main branches of the sacral plexus?

A 
Sciatic nerve
Sup gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Post femoral
Pudendal
65
Q

What are the root values of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

66
Q

What are the root values of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-4

67
Q

What is contrast imaging of the uterus and tubes known as?

A

Uterosalpingography or hysterosalpingography

68
Q

What is the superior 2/3rds of the uterus known as?

A

Body of uterus

69
Q

Lower 1/3rd of the uterus is known as the….

A

…cervix

70
Q

Supravaginal part of the cervix anatomical relations are…

A

Anterior - urinary bladder
Posterior - anterior wal of pouch of douglas
Lateral - uterosacral, cardinal and pubo-cervical ligaments

71
Q

What is the ureter crossed by 1/2 and inch lateral to the internal os?

A

Uterine artery (water under the bridge so artery is more anterior than ureter)

72
Q

What is the ovarian artery enclosed in?

A

Infundibulo-pelvis ligaments

73
Q

Where is the superior hypogastric plexus found and what fibres does kit contain?

A

In front of sacral promintory containing sympathetic nerves

74
Q

What epithelium covers the surface of the ovary?

A

Simple cuboidal

75
Q

What is the cortex of the ovary made up of?

A

Connective tissue ontaining ovarian follicles

76
Q

What is the medulla of the ovary made up of?

A

Connective tissue and blood vessels

77
Q

Describe oogenesis

A

Pre-natal oogenesis

> oogenesis, or maturation of oocytes, begins in fetal life
primordial germ cells migrate from fetal hind gut to gonadal ridge
primordial germ cells differentiate to oogonia
in fetal ovary, oogonia proliferate by mitotic divisions
by week 20, proliferation ends and oogonia numbers peak at 7 million
oogonia (2N, diploid) differentiate to primary oocytes (2N, diploid)
primary oocytes begins meiosis I and arrest in prophase I
primary oocytes arrest in “dictyotene stage” until just before ovulation
primary oocyte is surrounded by pre-granulosa cells in primordial follicle

Post-natal oogenesis

> oogenesis, or maturation of oocytes, continues in post-puberty adult life
in follicular (proliferative) phase of menstrual cycle, development of primordial follicles yields one dominant, pre-ovulatory Graafian follicle
primary oocyte (2N, diploid) differentiates to secondary oocyte (2N, haploid)
primary oocyte completes meiosis I, yielding secondary oocyte and first polar body
secondary oocyte begins meiosis II and arrests in metaphase II
at ovulation, Graafian follicle ruptures and releases secondary oocyte
in response to fertilization, secondary oocyte completes meiosis II, yielding mature ovum (N, haploid) and second polar body
ovum nucleus condenses and forms female pronucleus that fuses with male pronucleus to form zygote

78
Q

Major function of oestrogen

A

Develops secondary sexual characteristics

79
Q

Main function of progesterone

A

Prepares endometrium for implantation

Reproduction (29 decks)

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