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Female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What ar the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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2
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Innermost epithelial layer of the uterus, with mucous membrane

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3
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

Muscular middle layer of uterus

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4
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus?

A

Uterine artery

Ovarian artery

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5
Q

What is the path of the ovarian artery?

A

Descends within suspensory ligament

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage of the uterus?

A

Uterine veins

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7
Q

What is the nerve supply of the uterus?

A

Sympathetic- hypogastric plexus and ovarian plexus
Para- S2-4
Sensory- T11-L2

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus?

A

Body and cervix- internal iliac

Fundus- paraaortic, lumbar, superficial inguinal

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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

A 
Broad ligament
Round ligament
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
Cardinal ligament
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10
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Peritoneal fold that overlies uterus and attaches it and the ovaries and fallopian tubes against the pelvic wall

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11
Q

What are the sections of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium

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12
Q

What is the function of the round ligament?

A

Maintain anteversion f uterus

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13
Q

What is the path of the round ligament?

A

Exits pelvis via deep inguinal ring and continues to labia majora

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14
Q

What are the contents of the suspensory ligament?

A

Ovarian artery
Ovarian vein
Ovarian nerve plexus
Lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

What is the function of the cardinal ligament?

A

Hold cervix in place

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16
Q

What are the 4 segments if the fallopian tube?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intrauterine

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17
Q

What is the longest and widest section of the fallopian tube?

A

Ampulla

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18
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tube

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19
Q

What is the histological appearance of the fallopian tube?

A

Labyrinthine lumen

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20
Q

What is the normal orientation of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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21
Q

What is the angle of ante version?

A

Angle between axis of vagina and cervix

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22
Q

What is the angle of ante flexion?

A

Angle between axis of cervix and uterine body

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23
Q

When do we talk about segments of the uterus?

A

During pregnancy

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24
Q

Where is the uterus open during a C section?

A

Lower segment

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25
What is the upper segment of the uterus?
Main body
26
What is the histological appearance of uterus in proliferative phase?
thick and richly vascularised endometrium | Small, oval glands
27
What is the histological appearance of a uterus in the secretory phase?
Corkscrew shaped glands filled with glycogen
28
What is the blood supply of the ovaries?
Ovarian artery | Uterine artery
29
What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?
Pampniform plexus and veins and ovarian veins
30
Where does the ovarian vein drain to?
Left- left renal vain | Right- IVC
31
What is the nerve supply of the ovary?
Ovarian plexus
32
What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?
Para-aortic
33
What ligaments support the ovaries?
Ovarian | Suspensory
34
Where is the ovarian ligament?
From uterus to ovary
35
Where is the suspensory ligament?
From ovary to pelvic wall
36
What happens to the ovaries after the menopause?
Become atrophied and fibrous
37
What are the 3 sections of the clitoris?
Glans Body Legs
38
What forms the body of the clitoris?
Corpus cavernosum
39
What are the legs of the clitoris?
Crura
40
What is the function of the crura of the clitoris?
Connect corpus cavernous to rami of pubis and ischium
41
What covers the crura of the clitoris?
Ischiocavernosus muscle
42
What is the nerve supply of the clitoris?
Dorsal nerve of clitoris, a brach of the oudendal
43
What lies superior to the posterior fornix?
REcto-uterine pouch
44
What is the clinical significance of th recto-uterine pouch?
Lowest point in peritoneal cavity i.e. likely place for spread of ascites, pus...
45
What forms the vesicle-utrine pouch?
Peritoneaum over bladder and uterus
46
What are the vaginal fornices?
Superior portions of the vagina extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of the cervix
47
What is the blood supply of the cervix?
Vaginal artery | Uterine artery
48
What is the cervical canal?
Spindle shaped flattened canal of cervix
49
What is the ectocervix?
Portion f cervix that extends into vagina
50
What are the 2 openings of the cervix?
Internal os | External os
51
What are the ovarian arteries a branch of?
Abdo aorta
52
What do the ovarian arteries supply?
Ovaries | Uterus
53
What are the uterine arteries a branch of?
Internal iliac
54
What do the uterine arteries supply?
``` Round ligament of uterus Uterus Ovaries Cervix Vagina Fallopian tubes ```
55
What is the vaginal artery a branch of?
Internal iliac
56
What does the vaginal artery supply?
Urinary bladder Ureter Vagina Cervix
57
What does the internal pudendal artery supply?
Clitoris Lower part of vagina Labia Superficial perineum
58
What is the venous drainage of the uterus and cervix?
Uterine plexus and veins
59
What do the uterine veins drain to?
Internal iliac
60
What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?
Pamniform plexus and veins to ovarian veins
61
Where do the ovarian veins drain to?
L to left renal vein | R to IVC
62
What do the vaginal plexus and veins drain?
Vagina Uterus Lower part of urinary bladder REctum
63
What are the root values of the sacral plexus?
L4-S4
64
What are the main branches of the sacral plexus?
``` Sciatic nerve Sup gluteal Inferior gluteal Post femoral Pudendal ```
65
What are the root values of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
66
What are the root values of the pudendal nerve?
S2-4
67
What is contrast imaging of the uterus and tubes known as?
Uterosalpingography or hysterosalpingography
68
What is the superior 2/3rds of the uterus known as?
Body of uterus
69
Lower 1/3rd of the uterus is known as the....
...cervix
70
Supravaginal part of the cervix anatomical relations are...
Anterior - urinary bladder Posterior - anterior wal of pouch of douglas Lateral - uterosacral, cardinal and pubo-cervical ligaments
71
What is the ureter crossed by 1/2 and inch lateral to the internal os?
Uterine artery (water under the bridge so artery is more anterior than ureter)
72
What is the ovarian artery enclosed in?
Infundibulo-pelvis ligaments
73
Where is the superior hypogastric plexus found and what fibres does kit contain?
In front of sacral promintory containing sympathetic nerves
74
What epithelium covers the surface of the ovary?
Simple cuboidal
75
What is the cortex of the ovary made up of?
Connective tissue ontaining ovarian follicles
76
What is the medulla of the ovary made up of?
Connective tissue and blood vessels
77
Describe oogenesis
Pre-natal oogenesis >oogenesis, or maturation of oocytes, begins in fetal life >primordial germ cells migrate from fetal hind gut to gonadal ridge >primordial germ cells differentiate to oogonia in fetal ovary, oogonia proliferate by mitotic divisions by week 20, proliferation ends and oogonia numbers peak at 7 million >oogonia (2N, diploid) differentiate to primary oocytes (2N, diploid) >primary oocytes begins meiosis I and arrest in prophase I >primary oocytes arrest in "dictyotene stage" until just before ovulation >primary oocyte is surrounded by pre-granulosa cells in primordial follicle Post-natal oogenesis >oogenesis, or maturation of oocytes, continues in post-puberty adult life >in follicular (proliferative) phase of menstrual cycle, development of primordial follicles yields one dominant, pre-ovulatory Graafian follicle >primary oocyte (2N, diploid) differentiates to secondary oocyte (2N, haploid) >primary oocyte completes meiosis I, yielding secondary oocyte and first polar body >secondary oocyte begins meiosis II and arrests in metaphase II >at ovulation, Graafian follicle ruptures and releases secondary oocyte >in response to fertilization, secondary oocyte completes meiosis II, yielding mature ovum (N, haploid) and second polar body >ovum nucleus condenses and forms female pronucleus that fuses with male pronucleus to form zygote
78
Major function of oestrogen
Develops secondary sexual characteristics
79
Main function of progesterone
Prepares endometrium for implantation

Reproduction (29 decks)

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