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Veterinärmedicinsk rehabilitering > Feline rehabilitation > Flashcards

Feline rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

Nämn några skillnaden i beteende hos hund och katt som är bra att ta i beaktande när man lägger upp rehabiliteringsplan

A

”Funktion”:
Katter - jakt, klättring…
Hundar - uthållighet, distans, flockmedlem

Träning
Katter - kort session
Hundar - längre session

Minne
Katter - långt (16 h)
Hundar - kort (5 min)

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2
Q

Hur kan hund resp katt reagera vid stress?

A

Katter – flyr, tvättar sig, aggression (som sista alternativ)

Hundar – skakar, hässjar, slickar, gnäller, fly/undvikande, aggression som sista alternativ

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3
Q

Hur skiljer sig katters anatomi från hundar?

A

Katter har:
• No sacrotuberous, supraspinous, or nuchal ligament
• Forelimbs straighter (for impact/landing)
• Hindlimbs longer & more angulated (for propulsion/launching)

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4
Q

Hur ser rörelsemönstret ut i gait (gång/skritt) för katter?

A
  • RR-RF-LR-LF

* 2-3 paws on the ground at any one time

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5
Q

Hur ser rörelsemönstret ut i amle (vanka/lunka)?

A
  • RR-RF-LR-LF
  • Moments when three paws are on the ground
  • Inefficient gait
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6
Q

Hur ser rörelsemönstret ut i pace (passgång)?

A
  • RF-RR then LF-LR
  • Two paws are on the ground
  • Center of gravity shifts laterally
  • Abnormal gait in dogs
  • Primary pattern of “walking” by cats
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7
Q

Hur ser rörelsemönstret ut i trav?

A
  • RF-LR then LF-RR
  • Diagonal
  • Most efficient
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8
Q

Hur ser rörelsemönstret ut i galopp?

A

CANTER (mer samlad?)
• Rotary (vanligast) - RR then LR-LF then RF
• Transverse (ovanligare och mindre effektivt) - RR then LR-RF then LF

GALLOP (mer rusande?)
• Rotary (vanligare) - RR-LR then LF-RF then RR-LR
• Transverse (ovanligt) - RR-LR then RF-LF then RR-LR

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9
Q

Hur kan man göra anpassningar på kliniken för att minska stress hos katter?

A
  • Reduce time in the waiting room
  • Consider the treatment room & set-up
  • Allow the patient time to explore, consider the treatment time (eep sessions short and interesting)
  • Consider client interview/education & patient treatment “intervals”
  • Consider the carrier
  • Bring it up to your height (or get down to the carriers’ level)
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10
Q

Hur kan man anpassa undersökningsrummet för att minska stress hos katter?

A
  • Quiet – minimizing sounds & smells
  • Small – fewer chances for hiding places or escape
  • Sign on the door: Do not open!
  • Pheromone or calming diffuser (Feliway)
  • Flooring surface – high coefficient of friction for reduced risk of sliding (ie., dry, textured)
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11
Q

Hur kan man hantera katten under rehab för att minimera stress?

A
  • Let them explore & move as independently as possible
  • Less handling is more
  • Avoid sudden, rapid movements – this can be seen as a threat
  • If necessary, use a harness
  • As a last resort, the cat can be “scruffed” – when the cat is gripped on the skin behind the head & neck it will become quiet & passive
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12
Q

Vad vill man ha för subjektiv information från veterinären inför planering av rehab?

A

• Age, breed, spayed/neutered
• Prior medical history
• Information regarding the presenting condition
- Veterinary clinical history
- Medication history
- Results of diagnostics (imaging, labwork)
- Veterinary referral (remiss)

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13
Q

Vad vill man ha för subjektiv information från DÄ inför planering av rehab?

A
  • What is the cat’s normal lifestyle?
  • How active is she?
  • How much time does she spend indoors/outdoors? (How does she access outdoors?)
  • Where does she sleep?
  • What does she eat & how often?
  • What physical challenges is she facing?
  • Can she groom herself?
  • Can she access her litterbox? (Is she having accidents?)
  • Can she access her environment? (What is it like? Furniture? Flooring surfaces? Stairs? Access to windows?)
  • Is she playful?
  • Is she eating?
  • Is she sleeping more or less?
  • What are your goals?
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14
Q

Vad vill man ha för objektiv information inför planering av rehab (vad är bra att observera innan)?

A
  • Vital signs (HR, RR, BCS, temp, BP)
  • Functional mobility & Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
  • Gait
  • Functional strength
  • Balance
  • Flexibility & range of motion
  • Hands off & hands on assessment
  • Neurological screen
  • Sensory testing
  • Accessory motion testing
  • Palpation
  • Pain evaluation
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15
Q

Ge exempel på Activities of Daily Living (ADL)

A
  • Transitions/transfers (övergångar/förflyttningar)
  • Sit to stand, stand to sit
  • Down to stand, stand to down
  • Rolling
  • Stretching
  • Accessing food/water
  • Accessing litter box
  • Accessing cat door
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16
Q

Vad kan vara tecken på “lameness”?

A 
•	Any gait “deviation” (avvikelse) from normal
•	For example:
-	Limping
-	Holding up a paw
-	Tail to one side
-	Head bobbing
-	Hopping or skipping
-	Lateral sway
-	Joint “giving way” with weight bearing
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17
Q

Vad kan man göra vid en neurologisk undersökning?

A

• Examine head, tail, trunk, & all limbs
• Conscious proprioceptive placing test (CP)
- Flip paw into weight bearing on dorsum, pet should actively replace it, weight bearing on plantar surface in <2 seconds
• If CP impaired, further neurological testing &/or neurology referral warranted

18
Q

Vad kan tyda på att man behöver göra en sensorisk undersökning?

A

If there are alterations (förändringar) in postures, movements, & behaviors, there may also be impairments in sensation

19
Q

Varför kan man vilja testa kattens sensoriska förmåga, varför är den viktig?

A

För att den sensoriska förmågan innefattar:

  • Capacity to perceive & integrate information coming from all sense organs, including proprioceptors of muscles & joints
  • Proprioception - perception (uppfattning) or awareness of movement of the body
  • Kinesthesia - perception or awareness of the position of the body
20
Q

Vad innebär 4T som man kan ha i åtanke vid palpation?

A

• 4T’s:

  • Tone (trigger point or spasm)
  • Texture (tissue adhesion, depth of problem tissue)
  • Tenderness (reaction)
  • Temperature (heat)
21
Q

Vad kan katter visa för smärtbeteenden?

A
  • Apprehensive facial expression
  • Growl or hiss
  • Inappetence
  • Hiding
  • Stiff or hunched posture
  • Lack of grooming
  • Increased pulse rate & pupillary dilatation
  • Excessive licking or limping
22
Q

Vad kan smärta hos katter resultera i?

A
  • Pain with movement -> disuse (icke användande) ->functional limitations
  • Result in:
  • Limitations in range of motion, accessory motion, or flexibility
  • Strength impairments & muscle atrophy
  • Sensory changes
23
Q

Vad är Feline Musculosceletal Pain Index (FMPI)?

A

Clinically validated instrument for diagnosing & monitoring feline chronic pain arising from degenerative joint disorders

24
Q

Vad vill man ha med i rehab assessment?

A

Man vill bedöma problem, styrkor, mål (SMARTa), prognos (potential att återfå funktion), samt sammanfatta rehabplanen och strategi.

25
Q

Vad innebär “impairments”?

A

any loss of normal physical or mental abilities. Impairments are usually the result of disease, illness, or injury. Impairments occur at the level of tissue, or organs. For example: reduced range of motion at the stifle, muscle atrophy, presence of a surgical incision

26
Q

Vad innebär functional limitations?

A

any restriction in the performance of activities resulting from disease, injury, or environmental restrictions. For example: inability to walk on a slippery floor, inability to sit symmetrically

27
Q

Vad innebär “pathology”?

A

a physical abnormality or malfunction. A disordered or diseased state of a tissue or organ

28
Q

Vad innebär “disability”?

A

a (physical) condition which makes it difficult for an individual to do certain activities or interact with the world around them

29
Q

Vad behöver man tänka på vid planering av mål och behandlingsplan?

A

• What are the unique/specific characteristics of the sport or functional activity? (Or of the pet or pet parent?)
- Are the rehab goals addressing these characteristics?

• Consider the patient

  • Current level of fitness
  • Training experience
  • Medical history

• Consider the “needs” to achieve the goal

  • Muscular movement patterns
  • Cardiovascular endurance
  • Flexibility
30
Q

Ge exempel på strategi och taktik i en rehabiliteringsplan?

A

Strategy
• Plan of action to achieve a goal
• For example: “strengthening, stretching, facilitating, etc.”

Tactics
• Specific activities or interventions
• Actual means to gain an objective
• For example: “underwater treadmill gait training”

31
Q

Vad behöver man utvärdera under behandlingstiden?

A
  • Subjective report from client
  • Vital signs
  • Pain measures/scores/scales
  • Functional measures/scores/scales
  • Report from recheck with veterinarian or specialist
  • What is the plan if/when something goes wrong/not according to plan?
32
Q

Ge exempel på olika manuella behandlingsterapier för katter

A

• Massage
• PROM
• Stretching
• Joint & spinal mobilization & manipulation
- By a trained physiotherapist, chiropractor, or osteopath
• Advanced soft tissue techniques (MFR, IASTM)
- By a trained physiotherapist or massage therapist

33
Q

Hur kan man anpassa massage till katter?

A

• Use a “heavy hand” as a calming input
• Maintain contact with a “big hand,” distributing pressure over a large area
• Lie a blanket or towel over the cat & massage over the blanket & cat
• Ensure that the environment is quiet with few distractions
- Small room
- “No escape”
• Consider using “skin rolling” techniques

34
Q

Vad kan man använda för olika modaliteter vid rehabiliteringsbehandling av katter?

A
  • Laser therapy (LLLT)
  • Therapeutic ultrasound (US)
  • Electrical stimulation (TENS, MENS, IFC, NMES)
  • Electromagnetic therapy (PEMF)
  • Heat, cold
35
Q

Vad kan man göra för terapeutiska övningar för att öka funktionell mobilitet/rörlighet?

A
  • Rolling, jumping, gait, climbing, crawling
  • Transitions – Down to sit & back, Down to stand & back, Sit to stand & back
  • Postures – Down, Sitting, Standing
36
Q

Vad kan man göra för terapeutiska övningar för att öka styrka?

A
  • Assisted standing exercises
  • Incline (lutning) & decline (nedgång) exercises
  • Weight bearing & weight shifting exercises
  • Assisted squats
  • Climbing stairs, hills, ramps
37
Q

Vad kan man göra för terapeutiska övningar för att öka ROM?

A
  • Step overs/cavalettis
  • Underwater treadmill walking
  • Swimming
  • Shake paw
  • Digging
  • Climbing
38
Q

Vad kan man göra för terapeutiska övningar för att öka balans?

A
  • Exercises on challenging surfaces

* Balance board, physioball, physioroll, foam pad, air mattress, balance disc, donut, vibration plate…

39
Q

Hur kan man motivera katten att göra olika rörelser under rehabiliteringstiden?

A
  • Laser lights
  • Toys
  • Feathers
  • Scratching posts or pads
  • Baiting with treats
  • Remote-controlled & battery powered toys
  • Play & hunting activities
  • Catnip (kattmynta, kan ge lugnande effekt om de är över 6 mån och könsmogna)
  • The cat carrier or door
40
Q

Vad är viktigt att kommunicera med DÄ innan påbörjad rehab hemifrån?

A
  • Home modifications, home instructions (do’s & don’t’s), assistive devices, & home exercise/activity programs
  • Don’t overwhelm
  • Focus on what is important to the owner & pet
  • Functional approach
  • Keep it simple (stupid)! KISS principle
41
Q

Vad kan man behöva ändra hemma medan katten går igenom rehab och inte har full funktion i kroppen?

A 
Goal-focused
•	More independent
•	More challenging
-	Weight loss
-	Strengthening
Function-focused
•	Climbing
•	Litter box access (tex lägre kanter)
•	Food access
•	Flooring surfaces

Veterinärmedicinsk rehabilitering (13 decks)

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