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Small animal nursing > Feline Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Feline Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

what diseases are part of the feline respiratory disease complex?

A

rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, chlamydia, mycoplasma

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2
Q

what are common clinical signs of diseases in the feline respiratory disease complex?

A

rhinitis, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, salivation, and oral ulceration

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3
Q

rhinotracheitis

A

nose and trachea inflammation

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4
Q

what family does rhinotracheitis belong to?

A

herpes virus

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5
Q

which cats are more at risk for rhinotracheitis?

A

cats that co-mingle, kittens, elder cats, multiple cat households, unvaccinated cats, outdoor cats

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6
Q

what is the incubation period for feline diseases?

A

2-5 days

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7
Q

what are the clinical signs of rhinotracheitis?

A

fevers (up to 106) that come and go, sneezing, ocular discharge, blepharospasm, anorexia, conjunctivitis, nose and corneal ulcerations, reproductive tract may be affected too

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8
Q

how is rhinotracheitis transmitted?

A

direct contact, aerosolized droplets, fomites

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9
Q

how is rhinotracheitis diagnosed?

A

PCR test: conjunctival scraping and nose, ocular, or oropharyngeal cultures

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10
Q

how is rhinotracheitis treated?

A

antiviral drugs (but expensive so usually not used), supplements like L-lysine (amino acid that prevents viral replication), antibiotics, topical eye meds for ulcers and keratoconjunctivis sicca, fluids therapy if needed

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11
Q

what nursing care is done for patients with rhinotracheitis?

A

keep nose clean (cats don’t eat if they can’t smell), steamy bathroom for 10-15 minutes/day, can feed warm food to bring out odor

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12
Q

can cats with rhinotracheitis become latent carriers?

A

yes even after clinical signs resolve, the cat can still be a latent carrier and transmit the disease to other cats, the virus can also reactivate and cause flare ups at any time especially when cat is stressed

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13
Q

what cats are most susceptible to calicivirus?

A

kittens and shelter cats

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14
Q

what are the clinical signs of calicivirus?

A

oral and nasal ulcers!!, high fever, edema of legs/face, depression, jaundice, stomatitis, diarrhea

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15
Q

how is calicivirus transmitted?

A

direct contact, aerosolized, shed in urine/feces, fomites (can survive up to 1 week in environment)

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16
Q

how is calicivirus diagnosed?

A

mostly by clinical signs especially with presentation of ulcers, PCR test available but expensive

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17
Q

what is the treatment for calicivirus?

A

antibiotics, supportive care, most cases can be managed at home, anti-inflammatory meds for lameness

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18
Q

which feline diseases are bacterial?

A

chlamydia and mycoplasma

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19
Q

what are the clinical signs of chlamydia?

A

conjunctivitis, severe chemosis, ocular discharge, rhinitis, URI symptoms, bronchitis

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20
Q

how is chlamydia transmitted?

A

contact with secretions

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21
Q

how is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

conjunctival scraping

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22
Q

how is chlamydia treated?

A

tetracyclines

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23
Q

how can chlamydia be prevented?

A

vaccination and clean the environment (doesn’t live long outside host), isolate cat

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24
Q

what is another name for mycoplasma?

A

feline infectious anemia

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25
Q

what are the clinical signs of mycoplasma?

A

conjunctivitis, pneumonia, URI symptoms, oral/nasal ulcers, dyspnea, possible abortion, polyarthritis

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26
Q

how can mycoplasma be diagnosed?

A

conjunctival scraping, draw blood and look for inclusions around the outer edge of the RBCs

27
Q

how is mycoplasma transmitted?

A

contact with secretions

28
Q

how is mycoplasma treated?

A

tetracyclines

29
Q

how can mycoplasma be prevented?

A

clean the environment, isolate cats

30
Q

what family does panleukopenia belong to?

A

parvovirus

31
Q

how does panleukopenia spread?

A

it attacks rapidly dividing cells (bone marrow, intestines, developing fetus)

32
Q

what is the victim signalment of panleukopenia?

A

kittens, sick cats, unvaccinated cats

33
Q

what are the clinical signs of panleukopenia?

A

mild-moderate elevation in temperature, hemorrhagic diarrhea, anorexia, leukopenia, dehydration, depression, spontaneous abortions, sudden kitten death, enlarged abdomen
can also cause cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens that contract panleukopenia in utero (cerebellum is attacked in utero and kitten has severe ataxia when born)

34
Q

how is panleukopenia transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

35
Q

how is panleukopenia diagnosed?

A

CBC (low WBC), fecal ELISA test (can be false positive if cat is vaccinated)

36
Q

how is panleukopenia treated?

A

supportive care, anti-emetics, antibiotics, plasma/blood transfusion, isolation, IVF, nutritional support

37
Q

what family does FIP belong to?

A

coronavirus

38
Q

what is the victim signalment for FIP?

A

1-3 year old cats, multi-cat households, cats positive for FeLV or FIV

39
Q

what body systems does FIP affect?

A

abdominal organs, abdominal lymph nodes, respiratory system, nervous system

40
Q

how is FIP transmitted?

A

fecal-oral, in utero

41
Q

what clinical signs are seen in FIP cats?

A

wet form: peritonitis, vicious yellow exudate from abdomen, pleuritis
dry form: lesions on organs (kidneys, liver, brain, blood vessels), nonspecific signs (some show little to no signs at all), wasting syndrome, neurologic signs (ataxia, seizures)

42
Q

how is FIP diagnosed?

A

based on CS, abdominal centesis (for wet form), necropsy

43
Q

how is FIP treated?

A

palliative care and euthanasia

44
Q

what is the fatality rate for feline leukemia virus?

A

85% of persistently infected cats die within 3 years of diagnosis

45
Q

what is the main body system FeLV affects?

A

immune system
malignant WBC disease

46
Q

what family does FeLV belong to?

A

retro virus

47
Q

what are the clinical signs of FeLV?

A

pale gums, enlarged lymph nodes, weakness/lethargy, URI signs, fever, diarrhea, poor hair coat, stomatitis
some cats are asymptomatic until disease progresses. and becomes severe

48
Q

what are common FeLV-associated disorders?

A

lymphoma, anemia

49
Q

how is FeLV transmitted?

A

friendly disease
through prolonged close contact with infected cat (grooming, fighting, intimate contact)
kittens can contract in utero

50
Q

how is FeLV diagnosed?

A

ELISA test (antigen)
if kitten is positive retest 3 months later to see if kitten has overcome on its own
can test as early as 30 days post exposure

51
Q

what is the acronym for deciding if you should do a FeLV/FIV test for your cat?

A

A- at risk cats (outdoor cats, multi-household cats)
S- sick cats
K- kittens and adults of unknown vac hx

52
Q

what is the treatment for FeLV?

A

supportive care and symptomatic treatment

53
Q

how can you prevent FeLV?

A

isolate cats and keep indoors, good husbandry to prevent secondary infection, spay/neuter, vaccinate (12 and 16 weeks then annually)

54
Q

what is the main concern when giving a FeLV vaccine?

A

vaccine associated sarcomas because of aluminum being used as an adjuvant

55
Q

how is an FeLV vaccine given so the affects of a vaccine associated sarcoma aren’t as bad?

A

administer distally in the hindlimb because amputation of a back leg is easier

56
Q

what is the 3-2-1 rule for vaccine associated sarcomas?

A

a mass should be aspirated or biopsied if it is persistent for longer than 3 months, it’s bigger than 2cm, or the size of it increases/it rapidly grows a month after being vaccinated

57
Q

what family does feline immunodeficiency virus belong to?

A

retro virus

58
Q

what genus does FIV belong to?

A

lentivirus

59
Q

how is FIV transmitted?

A

unfriendly cat disease
deep penetrated bite wounds

60
Q

what are the clinical signs of FIV?

A

fever, malaise (lethargy), diarrhea

61
Q

how is FIV diagnosed?

A

ELISA antibody test
cats can be tested anytime after 10 weeks, usually vets prefer to test at 6 months to avoid false positive
vaccinated cats will test positive
can confirm positive tests with Western Blot test

62
Q

what is the treatment for FIV?

A

symptomatic/supportive care

63
Q

how can FIV be prevented?

A

vaccine available for cats that live with other cats especially if they fight, cats that hunt/fight outside
avoid stress

Small animal nursing (11 decks)

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