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Small animal nursing > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

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1
Q

which valves are the A/V valves?

A

tricuspid and mitral

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2
Q

which valves are the semi-lunar valves?

A

pulmonary and aortic

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3
Q

what are the locations for heart sounds?

A

left: pulmonary, aortic, mitral
right: tricupid

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4
Q

what things are good to keep in mind before seeing patient/ when first observing patient?

A

signalment, age, ambulation (walking)

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5
Q

how would a dog with difficulty breathing stand?

A

elbows abducted

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6
Q

what should you note when watching respirations in a patient that is having difficulty breathing?

A

is the difficulty on inhalation or exhalation? depth? coughing?

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7
Q

what are things that could be signs of cardio issues when looking at general appearance?

A

thin patients, patient with disproportionate body, large abdomen

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8
Q

perfusion

A

passage of fluid through circulatory/ lympathic system to an organ or tissue

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9
Q

what is associated with hypoperfusion?

A

ischemia (tissue death)

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10
Q

what is associated with hyperperfusion?

A

renal failure

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11
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of the heart

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12
Q

systole

A

contraction of the heart

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13
Q

mean

A

average pressure between 1 cardiac cycle

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14
Q

CO

A

cardiac output
blood pumped from heart

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15
Q

SVR

A

systemic vascular resistance
resistance of blood in circulation

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16
Q

what is the normal systolic range?

A

110-160 mmHg

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17
Q

what is the normal diastolic range?

A

70-90 mmHg

18
Q

what is the normal mean range?

A

85-120 mmHg

19
Q

what is the #1 cause of hypertension in small animals?

A

renal disease

20
Q

what are the CS of hypertension?

A

dilated pupils, acute blindness, neurologic signs: seizures, ataxia, stuporous/ comatose

21
Q

what are the CS of hypotension?

A

weakness, collapse, pale/white mm

22
Q

first heart sound S1

A

ventricular systole and closure of AV valves, makes LUB sound

23
Q

second heart sound

A

end of ventricular systole and corresponds with closure of semilunar valves, makes DUB sound

24
Q

what are heart arrythmias?

A

improper beating of the heart
occurs when electrical impulses of the heart don’t work properly

25
Q

what is a sinus arrythmia?

A

when ACh blocks electric impulses from going to the SA node
heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration

26
Q

what is a gallop rhythm?

A

when each heart valve closes at a different time creating up to 4 different heart sounds

27
Q

what is a heart murmur?

A

turbulence disturbing the normal blood flow through the heart

28
Q

what are causes of heart murmurs?

A

dysfunction of the valves, blood viscosity (anemia), vessel diameter (narrow), innocent (structural for young patients and goes away when they get older)

29
Q

what is the best position to auscultate a patient in for heart murmurs and why?

A

sternal or standing because some murmurs can be positional

30
Q

what are heart murmurs characterized by?

A

intensity, timing, location

31
Q

what heart murmur intensities are characterized by a precordial thrill?

A

5/6 and 6/6

32
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

DA shunt doesn’t close properly after birth causing the blood to continue by-passing the lungs

33
Q

what are the CS of PDA?

A

fatigue, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, runt puppies, large shunts not corrected will have fatal outcomes by 12 weeks

34
Q

what things influence the heart?

A

neuronal, hormonal, pressure control

35
Q

what BP monitors are used and important things about each?

A

oscillometric: machine that measures BP with cuffs
doppler: only measures systolic BP, use machine to listen to blood flowing through artery and use pressure cuff with squeeze bulb

36
Q

radiographs

A

2D view of anatomy

37
Q

echocardiogram

A

like an ultrasound, shows structure and blood flow of heart, best for evaluating heart murmurs

38
Q

electrocardiogram

A

measures electrical activity of heart

39
Q

what breed is predisposed to mitral valve disease?

A

King Charles spaniel

40
Q

what breeds are predisposed to congestive heart disease?

A

boxers and cocker spaniels

41
Q

what breed is predisposed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

A

ragdoll cats

42
Q

what breeds are predisposed to dialated cardiomyopathy (DCM)?

A

golden retrievers and doberman pinchers

Small animal nursing (11 decks)

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