Feline and Miscellaneous conditions- eye stuff Flashcards
Describe the presenting signs of eosinophilic keratitis
“Cottage cheese deposits”: white to pale pink elevated spots on cornea – may coalesce into a raised plaque
Describe the presenting signs of corneal sequestrum
Varies from amber corneal discolouration to dark brown plaque
Describe the presenting signs of Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM)
Hyperpigmented iris spot(s), usually progressing to diffuse hyperpigmentation of whole iris +/- abnormalities in pupil shape +/- uveitis/glaucoma
Describe the aetiology of Eosinophilic keratitis
Immune-mediated, possible connection with FHV-1
Describe the diagnosis of Eosinophilic keratitis
Clinical appearance/cytology: mixed cellular infiltrate
describe how to treat Eosinophilic keratitis
Topical corticosteroid (or ciclosporin) successful in most cases
Treatment may induce reactivation of latent FHV-1 infection
Describe the aetiology of Corneal sequestrum
Cause remains unknown, chronic irritation may predispose e.g. brachycephalic conformation, entropion, grid keratotomy
Describe how to diagnose Corneal sequestrum
Characterisitc clinical appearance
Describe how to treat Corneal sequestrum
Ideally keratectomy +/- graft placement (may require referral); sometimes lesions will slough over time
Describe how to diagnose Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM)
Suspect from clinical appearance
Histopathology for definitive diagnosis
describe how to treat Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM)
Enucleation with histopathology if high index of suspicion
Guarded prognosis due to significant risk of metastasis
List 4 signs that can suggest FDIM
Pigmented spots with raised surface
Pupil abnormalities – anisocoria, dyscoria
Progression of hyperpigmentation
Secondary uveitis/glaucoma
When should we enucleate
If masses growing rapidly
cells in anterior chamber
secondary glaucoma
infiltrating drainage angle
Describe the appearance of iris melanoma in the dog
Usually a discrete, focal pigmented mass
describe the treatment of iris melanoma in a dog
Monitoring/enucleation if painful/worrying owner
Describe the clinical signs of Horners syndrome
myosis
third eyelid protrusion
narrow palpebral fissure
(enopthalmos)
List the 3 most common neuro diseases that affect the eye
Horner’s syndrome
Facial paralysis
neurogenic KCS
Describe neurogenic KCS
Nerve affected: parasympathetic
Unilateral
Dry ipsilateral nostril common
May see secondary to otitis media
what is cherry eye
prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid (Nicittans gland)
What is chronic superficial keratitis/ pannus characterised by
Cellular infiltrate into cornea with vascularisation
+/- pigment deposition
+/- lipid deposition
Describe how to diagnose chronic superficial keratitis/ pannus
clinical appearance +/- cytology (lymphoplasmacytic inflammation)
Describe how to treat chronic superficial keratitis / pannus
topical corticosteroid and/or ciclosporin
if a cats iris is changing colour, what should we be suspicious of
FDIM
Describe how to test for Horner’s syndrome
phenylephrine test - phenylephrine drops to the eye (within an hour, the eye will look normal)
what nerves does the palpebral reflex test
CN 7 and CN 5
How can you identify a iris cyst
if you shake the head the cyst will move around
Describe how to treat cherry eye
surgery to replace the prolapsed gland
how does scrolled third eyelid occur
the cartilage grows too quickly and the whole eyelid turns out
what can cause a blue corneal opacity
oedema
what can cause a red corneal opacity
vascularisation
what can cause a brown/black corneal opacity
pigmentation
what can cause a white corneal opacity
fibrosis
cellular infiltration
lipid
calcium
