Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

18- SA- Neurology > Conjunctivitis and KCS > Flashcards

Conjunctivitis and KCS Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the conjunctiva

A

Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deacribe medical canthal pocket syndrome

A

occurs in dolichocephalic breeds with naturally deep set eyes
mucus accumulates at medial canthus
no treatment indicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the clinical signs of acute conjunctivitis

A

hyperaemia (rednes)
chemosis (oedema)
swelling/ thickening
discharge
mild irritation/ blepharospasm
occasionally pruritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the clinical signs of chronic conjunctivitis

A

hyperpigmentation
thickening due to squamous metaplasia of epithelium
follicular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List some differentials for a purulent discharge in a eye

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis
Grass seed FB in conjunctiva
KCS (dry eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List some differentials for thich/ tenacious discharge in eye

A

KCS (dry eye )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 2 possible differentials for haemorrhagic discharge in eye

A

trauma
coagulation problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List 2 possible causes of serous (watery) discharge in eye

A

Increased lacrimation due to ocular pain
Tear overflow (‘epiphora’) due to reduced nasolacrimal drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most common cause of canine infectious conjunctivitis

A

secondary bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 4 possible unlying causes for conjunctivitis

A

FBs
Adnexal disease- (disorders of the eyelids, tear drainage and orbital tissues)
Irritants- e.g. smoke, sand
Allergic e.g. atopic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is adnexal disease

A

disorders of the eyelids, tear drainage and orbital tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is entropion

A

inversion of the eyelid margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe treatment for entropion

A

Hotz-celsus surgery: removal of elliptical piece of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is ectropion

A

eversion/ outward turning of the eyelid margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 3 possible aetiologies of canine conjuctivitis

A

Infectious
non-infectious
secondary to adnexal disease or other ocular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe how to treat eyelid masses

A

wedge resection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is distichiasis

A

extra eyelashes emerge from the meibomian gland orifices
May cause irritation/conjunctivitis, but can be incidental – don’t always need treating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe how to treat distichiasis

A

only treat is causing problem
options= cryotherapy and electrolysis - referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are ectopic cilia

A

Arise from follicle inside/near meibomian gland – emerge through conjunctiva at right angles to cornea
always causes irritation +/- corneal ulcer - need treatment

20
Q

describe how to treat ectopic cilia

A

surgical excision

21
Q

Describe keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A

dry eye
Local immune-mediated destruction of lacrimal tissue: lacrimal gland and third eyelid (nictitans) gland
common cause of canine conjunctivitis

22
Q

other then immune-mediated list 5 other possible causes of KCS in the dog

A

congenital
neurogenic
toxic
endocrine disease
iatrogenic

23
Q

List the clinical signs of KCS

A
  • Recurrent conjunctivitis that improves with any topical therapy as anything lubricates eye!
  • Tacky mucoid-mucopurulent discharge stuck to ocular surface
  • Blepharospasm
    +/- Corneal ulceration
24
Q

List 2 corneal changes that occur with chronic KCS

A

corneal vascularisation, fibrosis and pigmentation
reduced vision

25
Q

Describe how to diagnose KCS

A

Schirmer tear test
10-15mm/min = borderline
<10mm/min= KCS

26
Q

You are presented with a dog with recurrent conjunctivitis in both eyes. The right eye is shown below. Schirmer tear test readings are 13mm/min in the right eye and 9mm/min in the left eye.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

KCS in both eyes

27
Q

Describe how to treat KCS (immune-mediated)

A

Tear substitutes
tear stimulant - cyclosporine
broad spec ABs to treat secondary infection

28
Q

what is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in rabbits

A

Dacryocystitis
Underlying cause: overlong molar roots pressing on nasolacrimal duct

29
Q

List 3 ocular conditions with which ‘red eye’ can be seen

A

uveitis
glaucoma
scleritis/ episcleritis

don’t assume it is just conjunctivitis

30
Q

what is the most common cause of subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

due to blunt trauma
check for intraocular damage
other differentials: coagulopathies, systemic hypotension and vasculitis

31
Q

What parts of the ophthalmic examination are most relevant in an animal presenting with conjunctivitis?

A

Hands off exam
Hands on exam
Schirmer tear test
Fluorescein stain- check for ulcer
General clinical exam including the skin

32
Q

Describe how to treat canine conjunctivitis

A

treat/ remove underlying cause
Topical Ab therapy- fusidic acid OR chloramphenicol

33
Q

describe the etiology of feline conjunctivitis

A

Infectious common
non-infectious- less common
extension from other ocular disease
conjunctival involvement in systemic disease

34
Q

List the 2 most common causes of primary infectious conjunctivitis in cats

A

Chlamydophila felis (bacterium)
Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) (virus)

35
Q

List the clinical signs of Chlamydophila felis

A

Unilateral conjunctivitis, becomes bilateral within a few days
Chemosis often marked, hyperaemia
No corneal signs
Absent or mild upper respiratory disease

36
Q

Describe how to diagnose chlamydophila felis

A

clinical signs +/- conjunctival swab for PCR test

37
Q

Describe how to treat C felis

A

Systemic treatment indicated as organism affects respiratory tract, GIT and reproductive tract as well as eye

Doxycycline antibiotic of choice

Treat in-contact animals

38
Q

List the clinical signs of feline herpesvirus in kittens/ young cats

A

Bilateral conjunctivitis in conjunction with upper respiratory signs (cat flu)
+/- corneal ulceration

39
Q

List the clinical signs of feline herpesvirus 1 in adult cats

A

Unilateral ocular discharge with mild conjunctivitis

History of previous upper respiratory infection

Wide range of other conditions, e.g. corneal ulceration, sequestrum, entropion, eosinophilic keratitis

40
Q

Describe how to diagnose FHV-1

A

history and clinical signs
conjunctival swab for PCR- interpret carefully

41
Q

Decsribe how to treat FHV-1

A

Nursing
broad spec Abs - topical unless resp involvement then use systemic
anti-virals

42
Q

what are the form forms of conjunctiva

A

palpebral and bulbar

43
Q

where does the conjunctiva attach

A

at the limbus and eyelid margins

44
Q

describe the sensory innervation to the eye

A

opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN5)

45
Q

how can we tell episcleral congestion

A

will be larger thicker blood vessels- compared to conjunctival congestion only

18- SA- Neurology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions