Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IP 11 Food Animal Medicine > Feedlot and Resp Mgmt - VanderLay > Flashcards

Feedlot and Resp Mgmt - VanderLay Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Gourmet Food flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 components on the disease triad?

A

host
environment
pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 levels of disease management?

A

biosecurity
immune preparation
treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are 2 components of biosecurity

A

bio exculsion

bio containment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is bio exclusion?

A

keeping pathogens out

…out of farm or out of country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the purpose of biocontainment?

A

preventing internal pathogen transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are examples of biocontainment practices on a farm?

A
  • avoid commingling
  • clean water tanks
  • avoid using feeding equipment for manure handling
  • pest control - particularly flies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a critical first step of biocontainment?

A

immune preparation - passive transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the body’s mucosal antibody?

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what aspect of a virus does a killed viral vaccine target?

A

surface proteins and non structural proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

at what % of changes that occur in a viral particle proteins will the killed vaccine no longer recognize the original virus?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why does a modified live vaccine offer wider spread protection?

A

targets enzymes that are more well preserved across many strains of virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is a modified live vaccine risky?

A

it creates a low level infection in the animal so there is risk of disease occurring

may cause abortion in pregnant animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how should you select the most effective treatments?

A
  • based on literature

- fine tune this based on health records

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the importance of health records?

A

to avoid drug residues for legal reasons
to determine treatment efficacy
to manage disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

important aspects to post weaning bovine resp dz management?

A

assess risk
consider metaphylaxis
test for and remove sick calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

considerations when building treatment protocols:

A

antimicrobials
duration of therapy
cost of therapy
efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a case definition?

A

a description of the clinical signs of the sick animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the typical time lapse needed to consider a sick animal a “new” case

A

21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is mortality?

A

of dead cattle / total number of cattle in feedlot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is morbidity?

A

total number of sick animals (for any reason) / total number of animals in a pen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is CFR?

A

case fatality rate

total number of animals treated for BRD that died from BRD / total number of animals treated for BRD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what % is considered good for CFR?
acceptable?
poor?

A

5% good
5-10% acceptable
>10% poor - indicates possible problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is first treatment response?

A

total # treated - relapses / total number treated

24
Q

if the first treatment response is over 90%, what should be considered?

A

make sure healthy animals are not being treated

25
Q

if first treatment response is too low, what should be considered?

A

review case definition, sick animal selection, antimicrobial administration, drug choice

26
Q

for low risk cattle, what is a good first treatment response?

A

80-85%

27
Q

for high risk cattle, what is a good first treatment response?

A

over 70%

28
Q

what is chronic rate?

A

of animals determined to be chronic (treated 3x) / total number of animals treated

29
Q

what is a guideline for chronic rate, relative to mortality rate?

A

chronic rate should be NO MORE THAN half the mortality rate

30
Q

if the chronic rate is too high, what should be evaluated?

A

timeliness of identifying sick animals and drug choices

31
Q

what animals are considered missed opportunities?

A

pen dead: found dead in pen w/ no Tx
late 24: died w/in 24 hours of Tx
late 48: died w/in 48 hours of Tx

32
Q

what are hot pulls?

what should the value be?

A

% of cattle pulled from pens that exceeds the case definition temperature

should be around 70%

33
Q

what does a value of hot pulls that is too low indicate?

A

over pulling

34
Q

what does a value of hot pulls that is too high indicate?

A

under pulling - sick cattle staying in the pen and not receiving treatment

35
Q

what is the goal of a feedlot?

A

feed CHO rich diet to finish cattle w light fat cover and high degree of marbling

36
Q

what is the veterinarian’s role in feedlots?

A
  • very minimal role in Dx and Tx of dz in individual animal

- know mgmt, nutrition, environment and economics and their relationships with dz -> use these to consult

37
Q

objectives of feedlot production?

A
  • rapid growth, minimal fat, acceptable slaughter weight
  • maximize feed conversion
  • reduce morbidity and mortality
  • effective use of biologics and antimicrobials
  • employee motivation
  • produce wholesome beef
  • profit
38
Q

what are some production standards measured in feedlot?

A
  • morbidity, mortality, chronics
  • repeat Tx
  • cost / Tx
  • performance
39
Q

what performance parameters are measured on feedlot?

A
  • avg daily gain (ADG)
  • cost of gain (COG)
  • feed efficiency (FE)
  • break evens
40
Q

what risk groups are cattle placed in for morbidity and mortality?

is this objective or subjective?

A

high, medium and low

subjective

41
Q

what cattle are high risk?

A 
long haul (over 200 miles)
sale barn (commmingled calves)
naiive (little/no vacc hx or wet calves)
light weight (150-450 lbs)
42
Q

what cattle are considered medium risk?

A

calf fed holsteins
preconditioned ranch (weaned and vacc at ranch of origin)
sale barn yearlings

43
Q

what cattle are low risk?

A

yearlings from one source

44
Q

what is the guideline for the rest for all cattle in receiving pens?

A

rest 1 hour for every hour of transport

12-48 hours

45
Q

how are high risk cattle handled?

A
  • vacc, deworming
  • revacc
  • metaphlaxis
  • nutrition and coccidostat
46
Q

how are medium risk cattle handled?

A

vacc
deworm
ravacc and mass meds if outbreaks
nutrition

47
Q

how are low risk cattle handled?

A

vacc
deworm maybe
nutrition

48
Q

how many times per day are cattle fed?

A

2x per day

49
Q

what is the stocking density of the pens?

A

about 250 sq ft / head

50
Q

what is the slope of the pens?

A

1-4%

51
Q

how much water do cattle drink?

A

about 20 gallons / head / day

52
Q

factors that influence profit/loss

A

price of purchased cattle
cost / unit of body weight gain
selling price

53
Q

causes of loss:

A

nutrition - quality of feed and feeding sys
type of cattle - genetics and sex
environment
management
disease incidence - mortality, Tx, dec productivity

54
Q

how is average daily gain calculated?

A

ADG = lbs gained by group / (# cattle x days on feed)

55
Q

what is the goal for ADG?

A

2.25 - 4.5 pounds per day

56
Q

how is feed efficiency measured? (feed conversion)

A

feed efficiency = lbs of feed to group / lbs gained by group

57
Q

what is the goal of feed efficiency?

A

less than 6

IP 11 Food Animal Medicine (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions