Feedlot and Resp Mgmt - VanderLay Flashcards
what are the 3 components on the disease triad?
host
environment
pathogen
what are the 3 levels of disease management?
biosecurity
immune preparation
treatment
what are 2 components of biosecurity
bio exculsion
bio containment
what is bio exclusion?
keeping pathogens out
…out of farm or out of country
what is the purpose of biocontainment?
preventing internal pathogen transmission
what are examples of biocontainment practices on a farm?
- avoid commingling
- clean water tanks
- avoid using feeding equipment for manure handling
- pest control - particularly flies
what is a critical first step of biocontainment?
immune preparation - passive transfer
what is the body’s mucosal antibody?
IgA
what aspect of a virus does a killed viral vaccine target?
surface proteins and non structural proteins
at what % of changes that occur in a viral particle proteins will the killed vaccine no longer recognize the original virus?
60%
why does a modified live vaccine offer wider spread protection?
targets enzymes that are more well preserved across many strains of virus
why is a modified live vaccine risky?
it creates a low level infection in the animal so there is risk of disease occurring
may cause abortion in pregnant animal
how should you select the most effective treatments?
- based on literature
- fine tune this based on health records
what is the importance of health records?
to avoid drug residues for legal reasons
to determine treatment efficacy
to manage disease
important aspects to post weaning bovine resp dz management?
assess risk
consider metaphylaxis
test for and remove sick calves
considerations when building treatment protocols:
antimicrobials
duration of therapy
cost of therapy
efficacy
what is a case definition?
a description of the clinical signs of the sick animals
what is the typical time lapse needed to consider a sick animal a “new” case
21 days
what is mortality?
of dead cattle / total number of cattle in feedlot
what is morbidity?
total number of sick animals (for any reason) / total number of animals in a pen
what is CFR?
case fatality rate
total number of animals treated for BRD that died from BRD / total number of animals treated for BRD
what % is considered good for CFR?
acceptable?
poor?
5% good
5-10% acceptable
>10% poor - indicates possible problems
what is first treatment response?
total # treated - relapses / total number treated
if the first treatment response is over 90%, what should be considered?
make sure healthy animals are not being treated
if first treatment response is too low, what should be considered?
review case definition, sick animal selection, antimicrobial administration, drug choice
for low risk cattle, what is a good first treatment response?
80-85%
for high risk cattle, what is a good first treatment response?
over 70%
what is chronic rate?
of animals determined to be chronic (treated 3x) / total number of animals treated
what is a guideline for chronic rate, relative to mortality rate?
chronic rate should be NO MORE THAN half the mortality rate
if the chronic rate is too high, what should be evaluated?
timeliness of identifying sick animals and drug choices
what animals are considered missed opportunities?
pen dead: found dead in pen w/ no Tx
late 24: died w/in 24 hours of Tx
late 48: died w/in 48 hours of Tx
what are hot pulls?
what should the value be?
% of cattle pulled from pens that exceeds the case definition temperature
should be around 70%
what does a value of hot pulls that is too low indicate?
over pulling
what does a value of hot pulls that is too high indicate?
under pulling - sick cattle staying in the pen and not receiving treatment
what is the goal of a feedlot?
feed CHO rich diet to finish cattle w light fat cover and high degree of marbling
what is the veterinarian’s role in feedlots?
- very minimal role in Dx and Tx of dz in individual animal
- know mgmt, nutrition, environment and economics and their relationships with dz -> use these to consult
objectives of feedlot production?
- rapid growth, minimal fat, acceptable slaughter weight
- maximize feed conversion
- reduce morbidity and mortality
- effective use of biologics and antimicrobials
- employee motivation
- produce wholesome beef
- profit
what are some production standards measured in feedlot?
- morbidity, mortality, chronics
- repeat Tx
- cost / Tx
- performance
what performance parameters are measured on feedlot?
- avg daily gain (ADG)
- cost of gain (COG)
- feed efficiency (FE)
- break evens
what risk groups are cattle placed in for morbidity and mortality?
is this objective or subjective?
high, medium and low
subjective
what cattle are high risk?
long haul (over 200 miles) sale barn (commmingled calves) naiive (little/no vacc hx or wet calves) light weight (150-450 lbs)
what cattle are considered medium risk?
calf fed holsteins
preconditioned ranch (weaned and vacc at ranch of origin)
sale barn yearlings
what cattle are low risk?
yearlings from one source
what is the guideline for the rest for all cattle in receiving pens?
rest 1 hour for every hour of transport
12-48 hours
how are high risk cattle handled?
- vacc, deworming
- revacc
- metaphlaxis
- nutrition and coccidostat
how are medium risk cattle handled?
vacc
deworm
ravacc and mass meds if outbreaks
nutrition
how are low risk cattle handled?
vacc
deworm maybe
nutrition
how many times per day are cattle fed?
2x per day
what is the stocking density of the pens?
about 250 sq ft / head
what is the slope of the pens?
1-4%
how much water do cattle drink?
about 20 gallons / head / day
factors that influence profit/loss
price of purchased cattle
cost / unit of body weight gain
selling price
causes of loss:
nutrition - quality of feed and feeding sys
type of cattle - genetics and sex
environment
management
disease incidence - mortality, Tx, dec productivity
how is average daily gain calculated?
ADG = lbs gained by group / (# cattle x days on feed)
what is the goal for ADG?
2.25 - 4.5 pounds per day
how is feed efficiency measured? (feed conversion)
feed efficiency = lbs of feed to group / lbs gained by group
what is the goal of feed efficiency?
less than 6
