Feeding to Animals Needs Flashcards
Nutrient availability drives:
growth
repro
immune response
metabolic diseases
sustainability
The Macronutrients
Energy
Fiber
Protein
Water 🡢 most important
Energy Sources
Monogastric v Ruminants
Monogastric
- grain
- by-products
Ruminant
- roughage
- grain
Fiber Sources
Monogastric v Ruminants
Monogastrics 🡢 by-products
Ruminant 🡢 roughage
Hierarchical order of energy uses
1) maintenance
2) immune system
3) lactation
4) growth
5) reproduction
energy req change over time 🡢 significant health + performance implacations
Protein Sources
Monogastric v Ruminants
Monogastric
- soy
- by-products
Ruminant
- soy/by-products
- legumes
- urea
BCS changes over time
therefore requirements change over time
- as animal age 🡢 % of body fat 🡩
- as body fat 🡩 🡢 protein accretion 🡣
- as protein accretion 🡣 🡢 AA requirements 🡣
Hence, young animals have higher AA req than older animals
Micronutrients
Fat. Sol Vitamins
Water Sol. Vitamins
Trace Minerals
Ca/P
Fat Soluble Vitamins Sources
Monogastric v Ruminants
Monogastric
- vit. A + D supplements
- indoor animals require vit. D
Ruminant
- green grass
- sunshine
Water Soluble Vitamins Sources
Monogastric v Ruminants
Monogastric
- all must be supplemented 🡢 B vitamins must be fed
Ruminant
- no requirements 🡢 rumen 🡢 ruminants make B vitamins
Trace Mineral Sources
Monogastric v Ruminants
Monogastrics:
- all must be supplemented
- Cu, Zn, Mb, Mn
Ruminant
- copper BAD for sheep
- pasture dependent
Ca/P
Monogastric v Ruminants
Monogastric:
- lime
- Ca2PO4
Ruminant:
- lime
- Ca2PO4
