Feed Processing

Question 1

Grain + Roughaghes

Macros

Answer 1

1) milling / grinding +/- cooking
2) batching
3) mixing
4) +/- extrusion
5) storage/ deliery /use

Question 2

Protein + Lime/Dical

Macros

Answer 2

1) Batching
2) mixing
3) +/- extrusion
4) storage / delivery / use

no milling/gringing/cooking

Question 3

Vitamins + Trace Minerals + Drugs

Micros

Answer 3

1) mixing
2) storage / delivery / use

no milling/grinding/cooking or batching

Question 4

We process feeds by:

Answer 4

Reducing particle size
- milling/grinding
- improves nutrient availability + facilitates mixing

Mixing
- ribbon, vertical or horizontal mixer
- insures equal distribution of nutrients

Cooking
- extrusion or steam flaking
- improves nutrient availability + handling

Question 5

How does a roller mill work?

Answer 5

• grain crushed between set of rollers
• pressure reduces particle size 🡢 size determined by space between rollers
• flows from top to bottom
• can stack rollers to make process more efficient
• steam can be added prior to make it a steam flaker

Question 6

How does a hammer mill work?

Answer 6

• grain crushed by hammers against screen
• grain beaten until particle size small enough to go thru screen
• size determined by size of screen

Question 7

How does an extruder (pellet mill) work?

Answer 7

• steam added to feed in conditioner to “cook” starch
• hot, wet feed is then dropped inside a dye with paddles pushing feed thru holes under high pressure to form spaghetti-like strands that are broken off into small pieces
• feed cools + gets hard as it cools forming pellet/kibble

Question 7

How does a mixer work?

Answer 7

• ingredients fed into mixer
• paddles/screws move within mixer to stir the feed
• mixers are dedicated to specific use

Types:
- horizontal ribbon mixer 🡢 grain only
- horizontal TMR mixer 🡢 processed wet/roughage based diets
- vertical TMR mixer 🡢 unprocessed/processed roughage based diets

Question 8

Quality Assurance V Quality Control

Answer 8

QA 🡢 proactive process
- set of activities for ensuring quality in processes by which products are dev.
- aims to prevent defects with focus on processs used to make product
- goal is to improve dev. + test processes so that defects do not arise when the product is being dev.

QC 🡢 reactive process
- set of activities for ensuring quality in products
- aims to identify defects in finished products and before it’s released