Feedback Flashcards
Knowledge of Results (KR)
- Intrinsic (feel the results) or extrinsic (sees results) information about a task’s success or lack of success
- available either during the task or immediately after completion of the task (or both)
Knowledge of Performance (KP)
knowledge of the movement pattern(s) underlying the response [Pts or PTs]
General feedback
not truly helpful especially when inappropriately given:
- too frequent
- Given when performance is actually in error
- “Good job” – good for motivation but may not be helpful if the outcome is not successful
General motivational feedback
- appropriate for some patients especially if the fb keeps them engaged
- How often do you use general feedback statements such as “good”, “good work”, “that’s good”?
Specific Feedback-Precision of KR
-The amount of accuracy contained in the feedback information
-Could frustrate pt if you give fb too much
-Examples:
Direction – “off to the left”, “short” or “long”
Magnitude – “off by 1 cm”
Kinetics – “push down through the bottom of your feet into the floor as you tuck in your gluts”
Kinematics – “hinge from the hips; pull in your abs (belly button to spine)”
General versus Specific Feedback
the more precise the KR, the more accurate the performance, up to a point; beyond which no further increases in accuracy could be found
Specific feedback
- Often appropriate for adults
- May not be as appropriate for children
- May not be as appropriate for cognitively-involved patients –could frustrate them if it’s too frequent
Relative Frequency of Feedback
- 100% KR is good for immediate performance, but detrimental for retention
- less frequent KR is not as good for immediate performance, but better for retention
Summary KR
- not as good as immediate 100% KR in the performance phase, but much better for retention
- 5 trials in summary appears to be the optimal summary KR length
Summary vs. Averaged KR
5 trials either summarized or averaged appears to be optimal for retention
Faded Feedback
Faded schedule of KR (gradually reducing the frequency of KR) is beneficial
50% > 40% > 30% > 20% > 10% > 0%
Band-width KR
- a bandwidth or tolerance for error around the movement goal
- example: tolerating 4 mm of error on all four sides of a target
- give feedback “correct” is within bandwidth
- this method is probably what many teachers and therapists do naturally: correcting relatively poor performance and praising relatively good performance
KR-delay period
- learner is evaluating the outcome of the movement, judging if there is error or accurate (from his/her intrinsic sources)
- learner may be retaining in STM the sensory consequences (the “feel”) of the movement until KR is available so that the two pieces can be integrated
- shortening this KR-delay period is detrimental to learning
- PT should NOT be talking to them bc It will distract the pt
Post-KR delay period
- learner is processing the KR and constructing the next movement
- the learner is placing the results of the movement and the outcomes into STM or LTM (building the schema)
- shortening this post-KR delay interval is detrimental to learning
Empty versus Filled KR periods
- what happens if the learner is required to perform another activity during these KR periods?
- expected to interfere or distract the learner from processing information and feedback during these KR periods
