Federal aviation regulations Flashcards
A certificated commercial pilot who carries passengers for hire at night or in excess of 50 NM is required to have at least
an instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft
What portion of dual instruction time may a certificated instrument flight instructor log as instrument flight time?
All time during which the instructor acts as instrument instructor in actual instrument weather conditions
If an unpressurized aircraft is operated above 12,500 feet MSL, but not more than 14,000 feet MSL, for a period of 2 hours 20 minutes, how long during that time is the minimum flight crew required to use supplemental oxygen?
1 hour 50 minutes
Your transponder is inoperative. What are the requirements for flying in Class D airspace?
continue the flight as planned
What is the oxygen requirement for an unpressurized aircraft at 15,000 feet?
Crew must use oxygen for the entire time above 14,000 feet and passengers must be provided supplemental oxygen only above 15,000 feet
What is the maximum IFR altitude you may fly in an unpressurized aircraft without providing passengers with supplemental oxygen?
15,000 feet
What is the procedure when the DME malfunctions at or above 24,000 feet MSL?
After immediately notifying ATC, you may continue to the next airport of intended landing where repairs can be made
Which of the following is an example of an urgency situation?
After deviating for weather you are not sure you have enough fuel to reach your destination
When may ATC request a detailed report of an emergency even though a rule has not been violated?
when priority has been given
Which flight time may be logged as instrument time when on an instrument flight plan?
Only the time you controlled the aircraft solely by reference to flight instruments
For aircraft other than helicopters, under what conditions are you not required to list an alternate airport on an IFR flight plan if 14 CFR part 97 prescribes a standard IAP for the destination airport?
When the weather reports or forecasts indicate the ceiling and visibility will be at least 2000 feet and 3 miles for 1 hour before to 1 hour after your ETA at the destination airport
No pilot may act as pilot in command of an aircraft, under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR unless that pilot has, within the preceding 6 calendar months, completed at least
six instrument approaches, holding procedures, intercepting and tracking courses using navigational systems, or passed an instrument proficiency check
Which is the maximum tolerance for the VOR indication when the CDI is centered and the aircraft is directly over the airborne checkpoint?
plus or minus 6 degree of the designated radial
What minimum aircraft equipment is required for operation within Class C airspace?
two way communications and Mode C transponder
While on an IFR flight, a pilot has an emergency which causes a deviation from an ATC clearance. What action must be taken?
Notify ATC of the deviation as soon as possible
After your recent IFR experience lapses, how much time do you have before you must pass an instrument proficiency check to act as pilot in command under IFR?
6 months
Which altitude is the upper limit for Class A airspace?
60,000 feet MSL
An instrument rated pilot, who has not logged any instrument time in 1 year or more, cannot serve as pilot in command under IFR unless the pilot
passes an instrument proficiency check in the category of aircraft involved, given by an approved FAA examiner, instrument instructor, or FAA inspector
Who is responsible for determining that the altimeter system has been checked and found to meet 14 CFR part 91 requirements for a particular instrument flight?
pilot in command
An airport may not be qualified for alternate use if
the only standard approach procedure is GPS
The vertical extent of the Class A airspace throughout the conterminous U.S. extends from
18,000 feet to including FL 600
What altitude and route should be used if you are flying in IMC and have two way radio communications failure?
Continue on the route specified in your clearance, fly at an altitude that is highest of last assigned altitude, altitude ATC has informed you to expect, or the MEA
When must an operational check on the aircraft VOR equipment be accomplished when used to operate under IFR?
within the preceding 30 days
The use of certain portable electronic devices is prohibited on aircraft that are being operated under
IFR
The pilot in command of a civil aircraft must have an instrument rating only when operating
under IFR, in weather conditions less than the minimum for VFR flight, or in Class A airspace
Which of the following is required equipment for operating an airplane within Class B airspace?
a 4096 code transponder with automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment
When departing from an airport located outside controlled airspace during IMC, you must file an IFR flight plan and receive a clearance before
entering Class E airspace
To operate an aircraft under IFR, a flight plan must have been filed and an ATC clearance received prior to
entering controlled airspace
You may cancel an IFR flight plan
if in VMC outside Class A airspace
What is the maximum altitude that Class G airspace will exist? (Does not include airspace less than 1,200 feet AGL)
14,500 feet MSL
What is the standard floor of Class E airspace when designated in conjunction with an airway?
1,200 feet AGL
What is the floor of Class A airspace
18,000 feet MSL
Which indications are acceptable tolerances when checking both VOR receivers by use of the VOT?
176 TO and 003 FROM, respectively
While airborne, what is the maximum permissible variation between the two indicated bearings when checking one VOR system against the other?
4 degree the two indicated bearings to a VOR
A pilot or crew may not perform any activities except those required to safely operate the aircraft during
critical phases of flight
Where can the VOT frequency for a particular airport be found?
only in the chart supplement
Which of the following statements is correct regarding flight under IFR using the Part 68 BasicMed requirements?
BasicMed privileges may be used by private pilots for IFR flight at altitudes of not more than 18,000 feet MSL
What action should you take if your No. 1 VOR receiver malfunctions while operating in controlled airspace under IFR? Your aircraft is equipped with two VOR receivers. The No. 1 receiver has VOR/Localizer/Glideslope capability, and the No. 2 has only VOR/Localizer capability
report the malfunction immediately to ATC
Who is responsible for determining that the VOR equipment has been checked and found to meet 14 CFR part 91 requirements for a particular instrument flight?
pilot in command
When making an airborne VOR check, what is the maximum allowable tolerance between the two indicators of a dual VOR system (units independent of each other except the antenna)?
4 between the two indicated bearings of a VOR
Enroute weather conditions are IMC. However, during the descent to your destination for an ILS approach, you encounter VMC weather conditions prior to reaching the initial approach fix. You know that to log the ILS approach toward instrument currency requirements,
the ILS approach can be credited only if you use a view limiting device and log the name of the safety pilot
Which checks and inspections of flight instruments or instrument systems must be accomplished before an aircraft can be flown under IFR?
VOR within 30 days, altimeter systems within 24 calendar months, and transponder within 24 calendar months
What minimum navigation equipment is required for IFR flight?
Navigation equipment appropriate to the ground facilities to be used
What reports are required of a flight operating on an IFR clearance specifying VFR on top in a non radar environment?
The same reports that are required for any IFR flight
Which procedure should you follow if you experience two way communications failure while holding at a holding fix with an EFC time? (The holding fix is not the same as the approach fix)
Depart the holding fix at the EFC time
During an IFR flight in IMC, a distress condition is encountered (fire, mechanical, or structural failure). The pilot should
not hesitate to declare an emergency and obtain an amended clearance
Before beginning any flight under IFR, the pilot in command must become familiar with all available information concerning that flight including:
the runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the aircraft’s takeoff and landing data
What does declaring minimum fuel to ATC imply?
Merly an advisory that indicates an emergency situation is possible should any undue delay occur
No person may operate an aircraft in controlled airspace under IFR unless he/she files a flight plan
and receives a clearance prior to entering controlled airspace
For aircraft other than helicopters, what minimum weather conditions must be forecast for your ETA at an alternate airport that has a precision approach procedure, with standard alternate minimums, in order to list it as an alternate for the IFR flight?
600 foot ceiling and 2 SM visibility at your ETA
Which report should be made to ATC without a specific request when not in radar contact?
when leaving final approach fix inbound on final approach
A pilot’s recent IFR experience expires on July 1 of this year. What is the latest date the pilot can meet the IFR experience requirement without having to take an instrument proficiency check?
December 31, this year
What action should you take if your DME fails at FL 240?
Notify ATC of the failure and continue to the next airport of intended landing where repairs can be made
To operate under IFR below 18,000 feet, a pilot must file an IFR flight plan and receive an appropriate ATC clearance prior to
entering controlled airspace
For aircraft other than helicopters, what forecast weather minimums are required to list an airport as an alternate on an IFR flight plan if the airport has VOR approach only?
ceiling and visibility at ETA, 800 feet and 2 miles respectively
An aircraft altimeter system test and inspection must be accomplished within
24 calendar months
When making an instrument approach at the selected alternate airport, what landing minimums apply?
The landing minimums published for the type of procedure selected
What minimum conditions are necessary for the instrument approaches required for IFR currency?
The approaches may be made in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device
Do regulations permit you to act as pilot in command on an airplane in IMC if you hold a private pilot certificate with ASEL, rotorcraft category, with helicopter class rating and instrument helicopter rating?
No, you must hold either an unrestricted airline transport pilot airplane certificate or an airplane instrument rating
What is the floor of Class E airspace when designated in conjunction with an airport which has an approved IAP?
700 feet AGL
What record shall be made in the aircraft log or other permanent record by the pilot making the VOR operational check?
the date, place, bearing error, and signature
In which publication can the VOR receiver ground checkpoint(s) for a particular airport be found?
chart supplement
For IFR planning purposes, what are the compulsory reporting points when using VOR/DME or VORTAC fixes to define a direct route not on established airways?
fixes selected to define the route
To meet the minimum required instrument flight experience to act as pilot in command of an aircraft under IFR, you must have logged within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, in the same category of aircraft?
holding procedures, intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems and 6 instrument approaches
Which procedure should you follow if, during an IFR flight in VFR conditions, you have two way radio communications failure?
continue the flight under VFR and land as soon as practicable
To meet the minimum instrument experience requirements, within the last 6 calendar months you need
six instrument approaches, holding procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses in the appropriate category of aircraft
For which speed variation should you notify ATC?
when the average true airspeed changes 5 percent or 10 knots, whichever is greater
When an alternate airport is required, what are the weather minimums that must be forecast at the ETA for an alternate airport that has a precision approach procedure?
600 foot ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility
Which publication covers the procedures required for aircraft accident and incident reporting responsibilities for pilots?
NTSB part 830
What is generally the maximum altitude for Class B airspace?
10,000 feet MSL
To meet the requirements for flight under IFR, an aircraft must be equipped with certain operable instruments and equipment. One of those required is
a clock with sweep second pointer or digital presentation
When is an IFR clearance required during VFR weather conditions?
When operating in a Class A airspace
What are the normal lateral limits for Class D airspace?
4 NM
What are the minimum qualifications for a person who occupies the other control seat as safety pilot during simulated instrument flight?
Private pilot certificate with appropriate category and class ratings for the aircraft
How should the pilot make a VOR receiver check when the airplane is located on the designated checkpoint on the airport surface?
Set the OBS on the designated radial. The CDI must center within plus or minus 4 of that radial with a FROM indication
Which altitude is the normal upper limit for Class D airspace?
2,500 feet AGL
What service is provided by departure control to an IFR flight when operating from within the outer area of Class C airspace?
separation from all IFR aircraft and participating VFR aircraft
What recent instrument flight experience requirements must be meet before you may act as pilot in command of an airplane under IFR?
A minimum of six instrument approaches in an airplane, or an approved simulator (airplane) or ground trainer, within the preceding 6 calendar months
During the enroute phase of an IFR flight, the pilot is advised Radar service terminated. What action is appropriate?
resume normal position reporting
When an aircraft is not equipped with a transponder, what requirement must be met before ATC will authorize a flight within Class B airspace?
A request for the proposed flight must be made to ATC at least 1 hour before the flight
What is the maximum indicated airspeed that pilot using BasicMed privileges may fly IFR?
250 knots
When the CDI needle is centered during an airborne VOR check, the omnibearing selector and the TO/FROM indicator should read
within 6 of the selected radial
What minimum weather conditions must be forecast for your ETA at an alternate airport, that has only a VOR approach with standard alternate minimums, for the airport to be listed as an alternate on the IFR flight plan?
800 foot ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility
Operation in which airspace requires filing an IFR flight plan?
Class E airspace with IMC and Class A airspace
While flying on an IFR flight plan, you experience two way communications radio failure while in VFR conditions. In this situation, you should continue your flight under
VFR and land as soon as practicable
When your aircraft is equipped with a TSO-C129 or TSO-C196 GPS, an airport may not be qualified for alternate use if
the only standard approach procedure is GPS at the destination and alternate
When an aircraft is not equipped with a transponder, what requirement must be met before ATC will authorize a flight within Class B airspace?
A request for the proposed flight must be made to ATC at least 1 hour before the flight
When a pilot elects to proceed to the selected alternate airport, which minimums apply for landing at the alternate?
The landing minimums for the approach to be used
When should your transponder be on Mode C while on an IFR flight?
At all times if the equipment has been calibrated unless requested otherwise by ATC
What is the maximum cabin pressure altitude at which a pilot can fly for longer than 30 minutes without using supplemental oxygen?
12,500 feet
The aircraft’s transponder fails during flight within Class D airspace
No deviation is required because a transponder is not required in Class D airspace
During an IFR flight in IMC, you enter a holding pattern (at a fix that is not the same as the approach fix) with an EFC time of 1530. At 1520 you experience complete two way communications failure. Which procedure should you follow to execute the approach to a landing?
Depart the holding fix at the EFC time, proceed to a fix from which an approach begins and commence descent and approach as close as possible to the ETA.
You intend to carry passengers for hire on a night VFR flight in a single engine airplane within a 25 mile radius of the departure airport. You are required to possess at least which rating(s)?
A commercial pilot certificate with a single engine and instrument (airplane) rating
In addition to a VOR receiver and two way communications capability, which additional equipment is required for IFR operation in Class B airspace?
An operable coded transponder having Mode C capability
In the 48 contiguous states, excluding the airspace at or below 2,500 feet AGL, an operable coded transponder equipped with Mode C capability is required in all controlled airspace at and above
10,000 feet MSL
When using non-WAAS GPS for navigation and instrument approaches to a destination with only RNAV (GPS) approaches, and required alternate airport must have
an approved operational instrument approach procedure other than GPS
Where is DME required under IFR?
At or above 24,000 feet MSL if VOR navigational equipment is required
In the event of two way radio communications failure while operating on an IFR clearance in VFR conditions the pilot should continue
the flight under VFR and land as soon as practical
To meet instrument experience requirements of 14 CFR part 61, section 61.57(c), a pilot enters the condition of flight in the pilot logbook as simulated instrument conditions. What other qualifying information must be entered?
location and type of each instrument approach completed and name of safety pilot
An aircraft operated under 14 CFR part 91 IFR is required to have which of the following?
Gyroscopic direction indicator
Your aircraft had the static pressure system and altimeter tested and inspected on January 5, of this year, and was found to comply with FAA standards. These systems must be reinspected and approved for use in controlled airspace under IFR by
January 31, 2 years hence
If the aircraft’s transponder fails during flight within Class B airspace,
ATC may authorize deviation from the transponder requirement to allow aircraft to continue to the airport of ultimate destination
You are in IMC and have two way radio communications failure. If you do not exercise emergency authority, what procedure are you expected to follow?
set transponder to code 7600, continue flight on assigned route and fly at the last assigned altitude or the MEA, whichever is higher
Which data must be recorded in the aircraft log or other appropriate log by a pilot making a VOR operational check for IFR operations?
Place of operation check, amount of bearing error, date of check, and signature
If a pilot elects to proceed to the selected alternate, the landing minimums used at that airport should be the
minimums specified for the approach procedure selected.
How may a pilot satisfy the recent instrument experience requirement necessary to act as pilot in command in IMC in powered aircraft?
Log six instrument approaches, holding procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses using navigational systems
How long does a pilot meet the recency of experience requirements for IFR flight after successfully completing an instrument proficiency check if no further IFR flights are made?
6 calendar months
A pilot may satisfy the recent flight experience requirement necessary to act as pilot in command in IMC in powered aircraft by logging within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight
six instrument approaches, holding procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses using navigational systems
What is the maximum tolerance allowed for an operational VOR equipment check when using a VOT?
Plus or minus 4
Before beginning any flight under IFR, the pilot and command must become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. In addition, the pilot must
be familiar with the runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the alternatives available if the flight cannot be completed
A coded transponder equipped with altitude reporting capability is required in all controlled airspace
at and above 10,000 feet MSL, excluding at and below 2,500 feet AGL
When are you required to have an instrument rating for flight in VMC?
Flight into Class A airspace
What are the requirements to log an ILS approach in VMC conditions for instrument currency?
The ILS approach can be credited only if you use a view limiting device and log the name of the safety pilot
Under which condition must the pilot in command of a civil aircraft have at least an instrument rating?
For a flight in VFR conditions while on an IFR flight plan
What limitation is imposed on a newly certificated commercial airplane pilot if that person does not hold an instrument pilot rating?
The carrying of passengers for hire on cross country flights is limited to 50 NM and the carrying of passengers for hire at night is prohibited
What are the minimum fuel requirements in IFR conditions, if the first airport of intended landing is forecast to have a 1,500 foot ceiling and 3 miles visibility at flight planned ETA? Fue to fly to the first airport of intended landing
fly to the alternate, and fly thereafter for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
Aircraft being operated under IFR are required to have, in addition to the equipment required for VFR and night, at least
A slip skid indicator
A request for a deviation from the 4096 code transponder equipment requirement, when operating in Class B airspace, must be submitted to the
controlling ATC facility at least 1 hour before the proposed flight
Prior to which operation must an IFR flight plan be filed and an appropriate ATC clearance received?
entering controlled airspace when IMC exists
When using VOT to make a VOR receiver check, the CDI should be centered and the OBS should indicate that the aircraft is on the
360 radial
The sterile cockpit rule is good practice not just for airline pilots but for all pilots because
it greatly reduces distractions during critical phases of flight
During your preflight planning for an IFR flight, you determine that the first airport of intended landing has no instrument approach prescribed in 14 CFR part 97. The weather forecast for one hour before through one hour after you estimated time of arrival is 3000 feet scattered with 5 miles visibility. To meet the fuel requirements for this flight, you must be able to fly to the first airport of intended landing
then to the alternate airport, and then for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
An airport without an authorized IAP may be included on an IFR flight plan as an alternate, if the current weather forecast indicates that the ceiling and visibility at the ETA will
allow for a descent from the MEA, approach, and a landing under basic VFR conditions
An airport may not be qualified for alternate use if
the NAVAIDs used for the final approach are unmonitored
For aircraft other than helicopters, what minimum conditions must exist at the destination airport to avoid listing an alternate airport on an IFR flight plan when a standard IAP is available?
From 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA, forecast ceiling 2000 and visibility 3 miles
What are the alternate minimums that must be forecast at the ETA for an airport that has a precision approach procedure?
600 foot ceiling and 2 miles visibility
When are you required to establish communications with the tower, (Class D airspace) if you cancel your IFR flight plan 10 miles from the destination?
before entering Class D airspace
What are the minimum weather conditions that must be forecast to list an airport as an alternate when the airport has no approved IAP?
The ceiling and visibility at ETA must allow descent from MEA, approach, and landing, under basic VFR
How should the pilot make a VOR receiver check when the aircraft is located on the designated checkpoint on the airport surface?
Set the OBS on the designated radial. The CDI must center within plus or minus 4 of that radial with a FROM indication
When is an IFR flight plan required?
In Class E airspace when IMC exists or in Class A airspace
