Fecal Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

is it okay find yeast in the stool

A

yes as long as it is not predominant

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2
Q

normal things to find in stool

A

cells, not WBC
electrolytes
undigested food and fat- amount can find certain disease states

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3
Q

normal color of stool

A

brown- due to sterco bilinogen

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4
Q

white or chalky stool meaning

A

blockage
if true blockage
-urobilinogen levels will be decreased
-increase in ALP
-conjugated bili= increased

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5
Q

other possible reasons for chalky stool

A

barium edema
laxatives

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6
Q

meaning of black stool

A

GI bled- upper
iron pills

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7
Q

red stool meaning

A

lower GI bled
after eating beats

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8
Q

increases in undigested blood can raise

A

BUN, but not creatinine

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9
Q

WBC found in stool mean

A

shigella- bacilli dysentery
could also be E.coli 0157 or C. diff

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10
Q

test for looking for undigested fat

A

fecal fat testing

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11
Q

fecal fat test

A

looks for steatorrhea-excess excretion of fat

> 7 indication

means malabsorption

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12
Q

macro observation of fecal fat

A

slimy, mucous= bad

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13
Q

micro tests done for fecal fat

A

neutral fat stain
split fat stain

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14
Q

neutral fat stain

A

-looks for triglycerides
-add 95% ethyl alcohol
-sudan 3 oil stain

> 60 large droplets =steatorrhea

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15
Q

split fat stain

A

looks for total fat content (fat acids and fatty acid salts)

add acetic acid and sudan 3

gently heat until bubbling

> 100 large droplets = steatorrhea

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16
Q

if you see a lot of fat order a

A

quantitative fecal fat to confirm

requires 3 day specimen of stool

restrictive to 100 grams of fat per day

17
Q

gold standard for fecal fat

A

Van de Kamer

18
Q

what happens in Van de Kamer

A

titration and extraction procedure

fat is extracted and lipids converted to fatty acids and titrated to a neutral end point with NaOH

fat measures- reported grams of fat for 24 hrs

normal <7 per day

19
Q

occult blood testing

A

1 reason is for colon cancer: screen

occult- blood thats not visible

20
Q

guaiac based testing

A

most common

main reagent: guaiac
-not most sensitive
-false negatives

blue=+

21
Q

reaction for guaiac based on

A

pseudo peroaxidase activity of hgb

22
Q

false reactions for guaiac

A

false + e.coli - contains some peroxidase

false - not enough blood and presence of ascorbic acid

23
Q

IFOBT

A

immunochemical fecal occult blood test

principle= immunoassay that uses anti-human Hgb antibodies to globin portion of human Hgb in feces

precipitation

24
Q

IFOBT detection

A

only detects blood in lower GI bled

less false + and -

not as much drug interaction

25
Q

test for fetal Hgb in feces

A

Apt-Downey test

determine origin

26
Q

Apt- downey based on

A

alkaline resistance of fetal Hgb

27
Q

Apt- downey procedure

A

mix with emesis to release Hgb

centrifuge and divide into 2 tubes
-1control
-1 add NaOH

sit for 2 min

fetal= pink; resistant denaturation

adult= brown or yellow