Febrile Seizures

Answer 1

Children with febrile seizures are more likely to have recurrent febrile seizures

Question 2

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Answer 2

antipyretics does not decrease the risk of febrile seizures,

Question 3

A febrile seizure

Answer 3

is a seizure occurring in a child six months to ive years of age that is accom- panied by a fever (100.4°F [38°C] or greater) with- out central nervous system infection.1 Febrile seizures are classiied as simple or complex (Table 1).1 Complex seizures last 15 minutes or more, are associated with focal neurologic ind- ings, or recur within 24 hours. Febrile seizures are the most common convulsive event in child- hood, occurring in 2% to 5% of children.

Answer 4

Other risk fac- tors include exposures in utero, such as maternal smoking and maternal stress;

Question 5

Characteristics of Simple vs. Complex Febrile Seizures

Answer 5

Simple (all of the following) Duration of less than 15 minutes Generalized No previous neurologic problems Occurs once in 24 hours
Complex (any of the following) Duration of 15 minutes or more Focal neurologic signs Recurs within 24 hours

Question 6

مهم anti epilepsy

Answer 6

Continuous or intermittent antiepileptic medi- cations are not recommended after a irst febrile seizure because of potential adverse efects.

Question 7

Risk factors for recurrence

Answer 7

Risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizure are age younger than 18 months, fever duration of less than one hour before seizure onset, irst-degree relative with a history of febrile seizures, and a temperature of less than 104°F (40°C).

Question 8

Rf

Answer 8

he risk of febrile seizures is related to the height of the tempera-
ture elevation, not the rate of temperature rise

Question 9

Patho
-Viruses most com-
monly correlated with febrile seizures

Answer 9

Viral infections, particularly those associated with high fevers, increase the risk of febrile seizures because high fevers have been shown to increase neuronal excitabil-
ity and lower the seizure threshold.2

herpesvirus 6, inluenza, adenovirus, and parainluenza.7, 8
Certain vaccine preparations and associated age at administra- tion have been shown to increase the risk of febrile seizures.9 he measles-mumps-rubella vaccine is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures

Question 10

Todd paralysis

Answer 10

Focal neurologic signs or Todd paralysis (i.e., postictal weakness or paralysis, usually on one side of the body) should also be noted because the presence of a focal examination inding would classify the seizure as complex.18

Question 11

Complication

Answer 11

simple febrile seizure do not have a higher risk of urinary tract infection, pneumonia, bactere-
mia, or bacterial meningitis

Question 12

lumbar puncture may be considered in these patients if they are at least 12 months of age

Answer 12

incomplete or unknown immunization status for H. inlu- enzae type b or S. pneumoniae (because signs of meningitis may be less reliable in younger children) or if he or she was pretreated with antibiotics (this may afect the presentation of bacterial meningitis).1,24

Question 13

مهم

Answer 13

complex febrile seizure, because complex febrile seizures are more heterogeneous. he neurologic examination is crucial when deciding whether to perform a lumbar puncture

Question 14

seizures lasting longer than five minute

Answer 14

seizures lasting longer than ive minutes are unlikely to stop on their own, and a benzodiazepine should be administered to break the seizure.

Question 15

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Answer 15

less than 1 Year or 2 Years with high grade fever + convulsion ➡ you should have rule out meningitis because the symptoms & signs of meningitis in children non specific ➡ LP

Question 16

Prophylactic

Answer 16

Oral diazepam administered every 8 hours during febrile illness reduce the risk of recurrent febrile seizures ✅