Fear learning history w experiments

Question 1

Worldwide amount of AD

Answer 1

1 out of 14 people

Question 2

Fear acquisistion History

Answer 2

Classical conditioning (Pavlov), classic fear conditioning (Watson) by behaviourist. Little Albert exp.

Question 3

In Little Albert:
NS, OR
US, UR
CS, CR

Generalization

Answer 3

Neutral stimulus; White rat
Orientation Response: Looking, feeling

Uncon. Stimulus: Loud noise
Uncon. Response: Starte response, fear

Con. Stimulus: White Rat
Con. Response: Starte response, fear

Generalized to other animals or objects that look like it.

Question 4

Two Process model (Mowrer)

Answer 4

Persisting fear in harmless fear;

Fear acquisition through classical conditioning
Fear maintanance through operant conditioning

(negative reinforcement through avoidance behaviour)

Question 5

Startle Probe

Answer 5

We all have starte reflex (blinking), But the startle reflex (that follows the startle probe) is strengthened in anxious people.

Question 6

Human research

Answer 6

Two stimuli (eg two spiders), present first stimuli for 8 s, than nothing for 20 sec, than second stimuli for 8 sec etc.

In all the presentations, the startle probe (loud noise) is added at 7 sec.

Only in one stimulus, the CS+ is added after 8 sec. (shock). CS- never added with the shock.

We add the loud noise to compare the startle response

Question 7

Results of human research

Answer 7

We learn to expect the shock at the CS+ stimulus. The startle response is higher.