FC8: Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding Flashcards
Why can some ionic substances comduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water but not in solid state?
In solid state, ions are locked by strong ionic bonds and therefore, are immobile whereas in liquid, the ions are free to move and will conduct electricity
How are ionic bonds formed?
Sharing of electrons
How do you show displayed formulae?
Lines to show bonds
Metallic bonding definition:
The strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
What is a metallic bonded structure known as?
Giant metallic lattice
Normal illustration of metallic bonded structure:
A regular arrangement (array of positive metal ions (cations) with a delocalised sea of electrons
Why can metals bend (malleable) and be pulled into a wire (ductile)?
Positive metal ions can move (electrons are delocalised)
Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?
A lot of energy is required to break the strong electrostatic attractions between the positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic processes in terms of bonds?
Exothermic- bonds formed
Endothermic- bonds broken, heat taken in
What is the shape, angle and name of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs, 3 atoms?
Linear
180o bonding angle
Straight line
What is the shape, angle and name of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs, 4 atoms?
Trigonal planar
120o bonding angle
Upside down Y shape,
What is the shape, angle and name of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs and 5 atoms?
Tetrahedral
109.5o bonding angle
Has one wedge, one line strip facing downwards
What is the shape, angle and name of a molecule with 6 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, 7 atoms?
Octahedral
90o bonding angle
Central atom with others attached at equal intervsls, top and bottom normal with line strip and wedge duos on both sides
What is the shape, angle and name of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair and 4 atoms?
Pyramidal
107o bonding angle due to extra repulsion of lone pair
Pyramid shape- i.e one wedge one lined strip facing down-ish
What is the shape, angle and name of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs and 3 atoms?
Non-linear
104.5o bonding angle due to extra repulsion
Lone pairs at top, bonding angled downwards.
