Definitions

Question 1

Cation/anion:-

Answer 1

Cation = positive ion.
Anion= negative ion

Question 2

Isotopes:-

Answer 2

Atoms of the same element with a difference in the number of neutrons and therefore, masses.

Question 3

Orbital:-

Answer 3

A region of space around the nucleus of an atom that can be occupied by up to two electrons with opposite spins.

Question 4

First ionisation energy:-

Answer 4

Energy needed to removed one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

Question 5

Ionic bonding:-

Answer 5

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 6

Dative covalent bonding:-

Answer 6

Same as covalent, except both of the shared electrons are provided by the same atom.

Question 7

Metallic bonding:-

Answer 7

The attraction between a lattice of positive ions and a sea of delocalised electrons.

Question 8

Electronegativity:-

Answer 8

The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond.

Question 9

Acid:-

Answer 9

Proton donor, dissociates into ions in water.

Question 10

Base:-

Answer 10

Proton acceptor

Question 11

Alkali:-

Answer 11

Base that dissolves in water, releasing hydroxide ions into the aqueous solution.

Question 12

Disproportionation:-

Answer 12

A reaction in which the same element is both reduced and oxidised

Question 13

Stereoisomers:-

Answer 13

Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement in space.

Question 14

Structural isomers:-

Answer 14

Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formulae

Question 15

Aliphatic:-

Answer 15

Organic compound or group that doesn’t contain an aromatic ring.

Question 16

Alicyclic:-

Answer 16

Organic compound or group that contains a non-aromatic ring (e.g cyclohexane).

Question 17

Aromatic:-

Answer 17

Organic compound or group containing a benzene ring.

Question 18

Quickfit:-

Answer 18

Apparatus for carrying out chemical processes in which parts are connected together via ground glass joints.

Question 19

Reflux:-

Answer 19

A continuous cycle of evaporation, condensation and return to the original vessel.

Question 20

Nucleophile:-

Answer 20

Electron pair donor.

Question 21

Electrophile:-

Answer 21

Electron pair acceptor.