FB - Quinolones, Folic acid antagonists and Urinary antiseptics Flashcards
Fluoroquinolone targets _________ in Gram negatives and _________ in Gram positive bacteria
DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV
Name 3 fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
Fluroquinolones should be administered at least _________ hours before consumption of dairy products or substances that contain divalent cations
2 hours
Best on empty stomach
Name the two respiratory quinolones
Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin
Name at least 3 adverse effects associated with the use of fluroquinolones.
- Phototoxicity
- Tendinitis or tendon rupture
- Prolong QT interval
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- GI distress
- Arthropathy
Which antibiotics are known to cause phototoxicity?
Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in _________
- Children < 18 years old
2. Pregnant women
Can fluoroquinolones be used when breastfeeding?
No
Name 3 folate synthesis inhibitors
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole
Folic acid is vitamin B9 that is needed in humans to produce healthy ___________
red blood cells
Which enzyme does sulfonamide inhibit?
Dihydropteroate synthase
Sulfonamides are only effective in bacteria that synthesize their own __________?
folic acid
Sulfonamides can cause nephrotoxicity as a result of __________?
crystalluria
G6PD deficient patients using sulfonamides can suffer from __________
hemolytic anemia
Usage of sulfonamides in last trimester can cause __________ in newborns
kernicterus