CVS - Ischemic Heart Disease and Treatment Flashcards
What are the types of angina associated with ischemic heart disease?
Atherosclerotic, Vasospastic, and Unstable Angina.
What factors determine cardiac oxygen requirement?
Preload, heart rate, afterload, and cardiac contractility.
What is the therapeutic aim of vasodilators in angina treatment?
To decrease cardiac oxygen demand and increase oxygen supply.
What is the mechanism of action of nitrates in IHD?
They cause vasodilation, reducing myocardial oxygen demand.
How are glycerol nitrates used in acute angina treatment?
They provide rapid relief from angina by dilating coronary arteries.
What are the pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate and mononitrate?
They are long-acting nitrates, metabolized in the liver, with prolonged effects.
What are common side effects of nitrates?
Headache, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and venous dilation.
How do beta-blockers work in treating IHD?
They reduce heart rate and contractility, lowering myocardial oxygen demand.
What are the effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on blood pressure?
They cause vasodilation, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
What is the mechanism of action of ivabradine in IHD treatment?
It reduces heart rate by inhibiting the If channel in the sinoatrial node.
Which drugs are used for treating hypertension in IHD patients?
Diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, and calcium channel blockers.
How do non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers aid in IHD treatment?
They decrease heart rate and contractility, reducing oxygen demand.
What is the role of preload in cardiac oxygen requirement?
Higher preload increases oxygen demand due to an increased volume of blood.
How does afterload affect cardiac oxygen requirement?
Higher afterload increases oxygen demand due to increased vascular resistance.
What are vasorelaxation side effects in nitrate therapy?
Vasorelaxation can cause dizziness and orthostatic hypotension.
What is the effect of reflex tachycardia in nitrate therapy?
It can counteract the benefits of vasodilation by increasing heart rate.
How do beta-blockers affect exercise-induced angina?
They reduce the frequency and severity of exercise-induced angina.
What are the potential side effects of beta-blockers in IHD?
Fatigue, bradycardia, bronchospasm, and worsening of peripheral vascular disease.
What is the clinical use of isosorbide mononitrate in IHD?
It’s used for long-term prophylactic management of angina.
How do dihydropyridines differ from non-DHP calcium channel blockers?
Dihydropyridines primarily cause vasodilation, while non-DHPs also affect the heart rate and force of contraction.
What is a unique feature of ivabradine compared to other antianginal drugs?
It specifically targets heart rate without affecting blood pressure or myocardial contractility.
In what conditions are beta-blockers contraindicated in IHD?
Asthma, severe bradycardia, and advanced heart block.
How does vasospastic angina differ from atherosclerotic angina?
Vasospastic angina is caused by coronary artery spasms, while atherosclerotic angina is due to plaque buildup.
What is the significance of unstable angina in IHD?
It indicates a high risk of myocardial infarction and requires immediate medical attention.