FB - Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions Flashcards
What is an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)?
A response to a drug which is noxious and unintended.
Name the two main types of ADRs.
Type A (Dose-related) and Type B (Not dose-related).
How can ADRs be prevented?
Through careful patient monitoring and dose adjustments.
What is Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs)?
A change in the effect of a drug when taken with another drug.
Give an example of a predictable Type A ADR.
Bleeding from anticoagulants.
How does aspirin and warfarin interaction manifest?
Excessive bleeding due to PD and PK interactions.
What might unexpected pregnancy indicate in terms of DDIs?
Failure of contraceptives due to PK interactions.
Why is therapeutic balance important in medication management?
To maximize benefits while minimizing harms.
What is the significance of reporting ADR incidences?
It helps in monitoring and improving drug safety.
What tool can be used to report ADRs in the document’s context?
www.hsa.gov.sg
What is an example of a Type B ADR?
Penicillin allergy.
What are some examples of unwanted pharmacological effects categorized under Type A ADRs?
Sedation, hypoglycemic coma, tremors.
What is the role of Medic Awas (SMA) in ADR management?
Supplying bracelets and cards stating allergies and other disease states.
How can Type A ADRs be treated and are they preventable?
With dose adjustment and monitoring; many are preventable.
What kind of drug interaction causes death due to excessive sedation?
Pharmacodynamic interaction involving propofol, diazepam, and lorazepam.
How can knowledge of ADRs and DDIs be applied to clinical scenarios?
By predicting potential adverse effects and avoiding harmful drug combinations.
What is a key example of a drug affecting metabolism leading to ADRs?
Warfarin’s metabolism affected by various drugs leading to increased bleeding risk.
What is a Type A (Dose-related) ADR?
An ADR that is related to the dose of the drug.