Fasting and Fluids

Question 1

What are the fasting guidelines for theater/sedation?

Answer 1

Sip till send (clear fluids)
6 hour food fasting before surgery
If not having fluids for >4hr then star maintenance fluids

Question 2

What is the normal urine out put?

Answer 2

> 0.5ml/kg/hour

Question 2

What are the signs of fluid depletion?

Answer 2

Dry mucous membranes,
Reduced skin turgor,
Decreasing urine output,
Orthostatic hypotension,
Hypotension
Tachycardia

Question 3

What are the signs of fluid overload?

Answer 3

Raised JVP,
Oedema,
Lung crackles (pulmonary oedema)

Question 4

Explain a fluid challenge

Answer 4

Roughly 500mls of fluid over 15mins (Or 250mls over 15-30mins).

Question 5

What rate do you give maintenance fluids

Answer 5

30mls/hour/24 hours

Question 6

What are the daily requirements?

Answer 6

Water - 25mL/kg/day
Sodium - 1mmol/kg/day
Potassium - 1mmol/kg/day
Glucose - 50g/day

Question 7

What are the electrolyte disturbances for vomiting and diarrhoea?

Answer 7

Vomiting - Low K, low Cl and alkalosis
Diarrhoea - Low K and acidosis