Fascistisation of the People Flashcards
what did Mack Smith say about ideology?
“fascist ideology was complex and contra dictionary”
When was the Fascist decalogue and what did it say that boys should be?
1938
Boys should be strong, sacrifice, have duty and obey
what did women do in 1935?
Donate their Gold
what three things filled people with enthusiasm?
‘History, fatherland and justice’
what was PNF membership in 1933 vs 1943
- 4million
4. 8million
what did some people say about the word fascism?
It was not more than a word
what was gov spending on OVRA in 1924 vs 1946
7.5% vs 4.6%
how many political prisoners was there?
5000
what were some things in the reform of customs?
lei changed to voi, no handshakes- salute, goose-step
when was the Minculpop created?
1937
when was the fascist school charter
1939
why did Italy become more radical?
Abyssinia war (militarist propaganda), incompetence in military, radicals in PNF and the Nazi/ Germany influence
Who are the groups of people to decide if they were illegally fascistised?
Monarchy, industrialists, artistic elites, urban working class, latifundia, academics, middle class and peasants
what did Robson say about the success
There was outward conformity but little inner conviction
what did Leeds say about success?
Only for PNF reasons
What did Clark say about success?
Acceptance not devotion, superficial success
what did Ipsen say about success?
Propaganda exaggerated the popularity of successes.
in what years were people still buying Mussolini merchandise?
2003
What did Kundera say about totalitarianism?
“Not only hell but also a dream of paradise.”
What in the economy measure totalitarianism?
gov control wages/prices, state ownership, and autarky
what ideologically measures totalitarianism?
media controlled wages, arts/cultures, official ideology, education, no alternative beliefs
what socially measures totalitarianism?
welfare, united nation, alternative bodies closed down,
what politically measures totalitarianism?
one person, one party, personality cult, parliament abolished, secret police, widespread concentration camps
what did Leeds say?
“Fascism never did penetrate to roots of Italian society”
What did Blinkhorn say?
Obtained power through compromising not revolution
