Farm Animals Flashcards
What are the dangers associate with handling bovines ?
Being bumped, kicked, tail whipped
What are the roles of a AHT with farm animals?
Preventative medicine assistance
Data entry
Embryonic transfer
Management, inventory & orders etc
What are the dangers associated with handling sheep?
They are timid and they head butt
What are the behavior traits of goats ?
Goats are inquisitive, more independent
Which ruminant has a strong herding instinct ?
Bovine
What are the names of cows in English?
Cow, heifer , bull , steer
What are the names of cows in French?
Vache, genisse, taureau, bouvillon
How many different breeds of cows are there and how many years ago were cows domesticated ?
920 breeds of cows and they were domesticated 5000 years ago
What is the scientific name for a cow?
A bos Taurus
What is the lifespan of cattle and when are dairy cattle often culled by?
25 years and dairy cattle are often culled by 4-6
What methods of restraint can you use on a bovine?
Halter, ropes, nose thongs and chemical
What are the names of the four compartments of a cows stomach?
Rumen
Rectictulum
Omasum
Abomasum
What type of hooves do a cow have and what advantage does it give on land?
Cloven hoofs and it is able to run faster on land because their toes spread and therefor do not sink as deep
What is the first part of the life cycle of a dairy cow and when is it?
1-3 days. Is fed colostrum and then removed and nipple fed.
What are bull calves used for?
For veal
What are heifers used for?
Kept to become replacement heifer for the herd
What is the second part in the life cycle of a dairy cow and when is it?
From 3 days - 2/3 months. Fed whole milk and gradually introduced to roughage
What is the third step in the life cycle of a dairy cow and when is it?
From 2 mth to 15-18mths. Fed hay, on pasture
What is the fourth step in the life cycle of a dairy cow and when is it?
15-18 months. First breeding- estrous cycles every 21 days
How long is the gestation period of a cow?
9 months and 1 week
What is the fifth step in the life cycle of a dairy cow and when is it?
18-27 months. Pregnancy and continued growth.
What is the sixth step in the life cycle of a dairy cow and when is it?
27 months. Parturition (birth) onset of lactation and milking
What is the seventh step in the life cycle of a dairy cow and when is it?
25-40 months. First lactation cycle
Describe the lactation cycle of a cow
- 1-3 days colostrum
First milk, antibody rich. Calf receives passive immunity - 6 weeks peek lactation
How many liters of milk a day can a cow produce during peek lactation ?
60-100 liters a day
What stage in the lactation cycle is a cow most vulnerable to a disease at? Why are they vulnerable?
6 weeks or peek lactation. A cow cannot consume enough food to meet milk production. Will take from body stores of fat and muscle. Makes her prone to diseases such as milk fever or ketosis
When is a cow bred again for a second pregnancy ?
2-10 months.
How long is the dry period and when does it happen?
2 months before next calving
How often should a cow calve?
Every 12-18 months
List common medical conditions of cows
Mastitis - inflamed mammary gland due to infection (udders)
Bloating
Milk fever - hypocalcemia - low blood calcium
Ketosis - metabolic disorder
How long are beef cattle on the feedlot?
6-12 months
What are some frequent procedures done to cattle ?
Preventative medicine Dehorning Vaccination Deworming Hoof care Calving Embryonic transfer
What are male pigs called in English and French?
Boat , verrat
What are female pigs called in English and French?
Sow , truie
How long is a pigs estrous?
21 days
How long is the gestation period of a pig?
3 months 3 weeks 3 days - 117 days
How big is their litters?
8-12
What is the first stage in the life cycle of a pig? And when is it?
Weaned - 3 weeks
What is the second stage in the life cycle of a pig? And when is it?
Grower - 1-4 months
What is the third stage in the life cycle of a pig and when is it?
Finisher - 5-6 months
When is a pigs first estrus?
Around 6 months if exposed daily to the boar. Otherwise 8 months
How many litters per year is a pig expected to have?
2.5 litters per year
What is a pig fed from 0-3 weeks?
Sows milk + creep feed ➡️ starter diet
What is a pig fed from 3-5 weeks?and when are they expected to hit market weight ?
Weaned diet ➡️ grower ration ➡️ finishing ration and market by 6 months
What is the meat variety of poultry referred to? And when do they go to market ?
Broiler and 6-7 weeks when they are 4lbs
What is the egg laying type of poultry called?
Layers
How many eggs can a layer lay a year?
240-270 eggs/year
What is a mature male chicken called ?
Rooster , cock , roo
What is a mature female chicken called ?
Hen
What is a newly hatched chicken called ?
A chick
What is an immature male chicken called ?
A cockerel
What is an immature female chicken called ?
Pullet
How many varieties of chicken are there and how many years ago were they domesticated ?
150 varieties and they were domesticated 8000 years ago
How long is the life expectancy of a hen?
A hen can live up to 20 years but normally lives 10.
What do egg manufacturers do to check the egg for imperfections?
Candle the egg
How long have turkey’s been around?
10 million years ago
Why can’t domestic turkeys fly?
They usually weigh too much to be able to fly
What is a male turkey called?
Tom, gobbler
What is a female turkey called?
Hen
What is a baby turkey called ?
Poult or chick
What is a young male turkey called ?
Jake
What is a young female turkey called ?
Jenny
What is a group of turkey’s called ?
A flock
What are frequent procedures on a turkey ?
Vaccinations , coccidiosis prevention, beak trim , necropsy
What are the four things key to the well being of farm animals?
- Reproductive and productive performance
- Pathological and immunological traits
- Physiological and biochemical characteristics
- Behavioral patterns
What are the five basic freedoms a farm animal needs?
- To get up
- To lie down
- To groom normally
- To turn around
- To stretch its limbs
