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Basic Animal Care > BAC Final > Flashcards

BAC Final Flashcards

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0
Q

What vaccines are routinely given to puppies?

A

Distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, para influenza and rabies

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1
Q

How many weeks is a puppy protected (because of colostrum) before it starts to wear off

A

A few weeks

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2
Q

At 7-8 weeks what vaccines are routinely given

A

Distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvo virus

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3
Q

What vaccine is given at 12 weeks

A

A booster

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4
Q

What vaccines are given at 16 weeks

A

Booster and rabies

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5
Q

What vaccines are given at 1 year

A

Booster

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6
Q

Rabies virus is usually given every ____ years

A

3 years

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7
Q

What are the optional vaccines available

A 
Leptospirosis
Bordetella
Corona virus
Giardia
Lyme disease
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8
Q

What are expected reactions to vaccinations

A

Local inflammation
Discomfort
24-48hr fever

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9
Q

What are abnormal reactions to a vaccine

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Facial swelling

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10
Q

What are the hormones involved in the oestrus cycle

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Fsh
Lh

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11
Q

Dogs are ______ oestrian

Cats are _______ oestrian

A

Mono

Poly

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12
Q

When do bitches reach breeding age?

A

6 months - 1 year

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13
Q

Do small breed bitches come into heat at a younger age than large breed bitches?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How many heats does a dog have a year

A

Two

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15
Q

How long does a heat last

A

3 weeks

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16
Q

What is the first phase of (dog) heat and how long does it last

A

5-9 days. Pro estrus

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17
Q

Describe pro estrus in dogs

A

Vulva becomes swollen and inflamed and the bitch may lick herself. There may be changes in her appetite and temperament. Bloody discharge drips from the vulva.

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18
Q

How do you know a bitch is entering estrus

A

When her vaginal discharge (blood) lessens

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19
Q

What happens in estrus

A

Ovulation takes place and the bitch is ready for breeding.

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20
Q

When can a bitch become impregnated?

A

During a 3-5 day period in estrus.

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21
Q

What happens if a bitch is impregnated

A

Gestation follows (58-63 days)

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22
Q

What happens if a bitch doesn’t get pregnant in estrus

A

Anoestrus

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23
Q

What is the duration of anoestrus

A

60-180d

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24
What is the duration of pro-oestrus
3-15 days
25
What is the duration of oestrus
5-15d
26
What's the duration of post oestrus
60-65d
27
How do you prevent gestation in a dog
Spaying and neutering Pill Hormone injections Abortion
28
What are some advantages to spaying
Prevents unwanted litters Eliminates inconvienance of heat periods Prevents false pregnancies
29
When you spay an animal what do you remove
Ovaries and uterus
30
When you neuter an animal what do you remove
Testicals
31
What are the advantages to neutering
Diminish roaming Prevents unwanted puppies Prevents testicular cancer
32
When do you spay/neuter pups
6 months old
33
What are the predisposing factors to parasite infestations in dogs
``` Animal concentration Introduction of new animals Environmental hygiene Pet health status Weather conditions Parasite ecology Pet contact with wild animals or pest rodents Food contamination ```
34
What are parasite control methods
Regular treatment Daily removal of feces from the environment Frequent vacuuming Appropriate flooring, sealing floor crevasses and frequent washing with appropriate products Prevent contact with other dogs stools
35
What are some clinical signs of parasite infestation
``` Weight loss Vomiting Bloated abdomen Anemia Slowing growth Diarrhea Cough Dull hair ```
36
What are some common internal parasites
``` Round worms Hookworms Whipworms Tapeworm Protozoans ```
37
What are common external parasites
Arthropodes
38
What is the family name of cats
Felidae
39
What is the genus of cats
Felis
40
What are specific anatomical characteristics of cats
Strong, flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, teeth adapted to killing, excellent hearing and can see in near darkness
41
What is the life expectancy of a cat
15-18 years
42
What are the uses of cats
``` Vermin killers Status Companion Fur trade Folk remedies ```
43
How to cat proof your home
Remove toxic plants Store poisonous material Store sewing supplies, fragile items Be careful with electric & blind cords
44
Why is it recommended to keep a cat indoors
City regulations Safe: less danger Less chance of getting stolen or lost
45
If a cat goes outdoors what does he need
Must have a proper id and be sterilized | Must be vaccinated and treated for parasites
46
What is an essential amino acid that cats need
Taurine
47
What grooming should be done frequently
Eyes (discharge check) Ears (debris/odor check) Nails (trim nails) Coat (comb to prevent matting)
48
What three type of shampoos can you use on a cat
Insecticidal Medicated General purpose
49
What is declawing?
Amputation of 3rd phalange in paws
50
What do cats need their nails for
Climb, hunt and for defense
51
What are the pros to declawing
Medical reasons (trauma, tumor) Trauma to owners Less damage to household
52
What are the cons for declawing
Unnatural Done for owners benefit not cats Painful surgery with complications
53
What are some declawing alternatives
Scratching post Claw caps Tenectomy
54
How to prevent hairballs
Frequent combing
55
How do you treat hairballs
Laxative pastes Special foods Special treats
56
How many litter boxes should you have
Number of cats plus 1
57
What is the maximum amount of time a cat should be alone
24-72 hrs max
58
What are the common cat vaccinations
``` Rhinotracheitis Calici virus Chlamydia Bordetella Panleucopenia Fiv/feLV Rabies ```
59
What vaccine is given at 6-8 weeks for a cat
Fvrcp
60
What vaccine is given at 3-4 months of age for a cat
Booster and non adjuvated rabies
61
What vaccine is given at 1 year for cats
Booster fvrcp and rabies non adjuvanted or adjuvanted
62
What vaccine is given at 3 years for a cat
Booster fvrcp and rabies non adjuvanted or adjuvanted
63
What are cats in terms of oestrian cycle
Poly oestrian
64
When do cats hit puberty
4-12 months
65
How long is the gestation period of a cat
63-65 days
66
How big is a normal cat litter size
1-7 kittens
67
What is a male cat called
A tom
68
What is a female cat called
A queen
69
How long is pro estrus in cats
1-3 days.
70
Describe pro estrus
Attracted to males Rubs head and neck on objects Posturing, rolling
71
How long is estrus period
4-6 days if male present, 10 days if no male
72
What cycle is a cat in after ovulation
Diestrus
73
How long is a cats pseudo pregnancy
40 days
74
How long is a cat in anestrus
3-4 months
75
What are three dangers when dealing with a cat
Trauma Cat scratch disease Wound infection
76
What are some reasons for feline restraint
Handler safety Animal safety Owner safety Control for success of diagnostic procedure Control for success of a therapeutic procedure
77
What are some cat handling techniques
``` Observe Prepare material Stay calm Reassure it Scruff neck Stretch Blanket, muzzle ```
78
What are some species of rats
Sprague dawley Wistar Long Evans
79
What does outbred stock mean
Random matings
80
What inbred strains mean
20 brother sister matings
81
What does congenic strains mean
Single gene mutation
82
What does transgenic mean
Have a gene that is spliced in
83
What is the average weight of a rat
400-500g male | -100g female
84
What is a rats life span
2.5 years
85
Do rats grow forever? And at what rate
Yes, very gradually.
86
What are rats considered?
Crepuscular
87
What is a normal rats photoperiod
12:12
88
Are rats coprophagic?
Yes
89
Are males likely to fight when housed together?
No
90
What happens to solitary rats?
They become stressed, | Larger adrenal glands
91
Are rats omnivores?
Yes
92
Do rats burrow?
Yes if given the chance
93
Is rats sense of smell and hearing better or worse than a humans
Better
94
Rats communicate in what range
Ultrasound range
95
What do rats depend on for sight?
Wiskers
96
What colors can rats not see
Red and orange
97
What is a rats tail used for?
Balance and heat exchange
98
How long is a rats estrus cycle
4-5 days
99
How long is a rats gestation period
21-23 days
100
How big is an average rats litter size
3-18 pups
101
At what age does the hair grow in? (Rat baby)
8-9 days
102
At what age do the eyes open (rat baby)
10-14 days
103
At what age are rats weaned until
21 days
104
When do rats hit puberty
2 months
105
How many hours of light does a breeding rat require per day
14hrs a day
106
Rats have continuos growing ______
Incisors
107
What level of noise should a rat be maintained at
85 decibels
108
What happens if a rat is exposed to too much light
Retinal damage
109
What happens if a rat is exposed to too much noise
Audio genic seizures Cannibalize young Increase stress hormones
110
Why do rats eat their feces?
Get vitamins and extra protein from it
111
How can you identify rats
Tail color markings Standardized ear punching or notching Tattoos
112
What information should rat cage cards contain
``` Species Strain Protocol number Source Investigator Sex Dob Date of receipt ```
113
What is the normal temperature and humidity for a rat
20-25* celsius. 50-55% humidity
114
How many air changes should a rat have per minute
10-20 changed
115
at what level of ammonia do rats show respiratory effects at ?
10ppm
116
What is barbering and what causes it?
Hair chewed down to skin. Could be caused by boredom or done by a more dominant rat
117
What are a rats signs of illness
``` Lethargy Aggressiveness Hunched posture Rough hair coat Deceased appetite ```
118
What is porphyrin staining and what does it indicate?
Red stains around eyes and indicates stress
119
What are two typical problems with rats teeth
Tooth breakage | Malocclusion
120
What does adequate housing provide
Behavior and physiological needs Social interaction w conspecifics Clean, dry and safe area with adequate ventilation, food and water. Visualization by personnel
121
What are the two handling/restraint methods for rats
Cross technique | V technique
122
What are the risks for handling rats
Bites, zoonosis and allergies
123
Why are mice used in biomed research
Small, prolific, easily and economically maintained, genetic diversity and well characterized
124
What is the order of mice?
Rodentia
125
What is the family of mice
Muridae
126
What does axenic mean
Germ free
127
What does gnotobiotic mean
Defined flora
128
What does SPF mean
Specific pathogen free
129
What are knockout mice
Mice where a single gene is removed to study various diseases
130
What is a transgenic mouse
A mouse with new genetic information inserted into it
131
What is special about naked mice
They have no thymus | No rejection response to tissues
132
What do nude mice require to protect them
Barrier facility
133
What is the lifespan of a mouse
2-3 years
134
What is the avg heart rate of mice
500-600bpm
135
What is special about mice?
They're unable to vomit
136
What are mice considered
Polyestrus
137
How long is a mices first oestrus
28-40 days
138
How long is a mices gestation period
19-21 days
139
What is the whitten effect
Synchronization of cycles. Grouped females exposed to males or his order = heat -+ 72hrs
140
How many average mice offspring
8-12
141
How do you restrain a mouse
Catch by tail, lift, place on toe griping surface and scruff
142
What is abnormal behavior of a mouse
Barbering, fighting especially in males and teeth grinding
143
What things should you watch for when you enter a room with mice
``` Eating, drinking Signs of fighting or barbering Ocular or nasal discharge Rough hair coat Abnormal behavior ```
144
What is a nutrient
Any food constituent that helps support life
145
What functions of the body are nutrients involved in
``` Structural components Involved in chemical reactions of metabolism Transport substances into or out of body Maintain body temperature Supply energy ```
146
What are the 6 basic categories of nutrients
``` Vitamins Minerals Fat Protein Carbohydrates Water ```
147
Why are nutrients important
Cornerstone of good health Appropriate for pets lifestage and specific needs Improve health jot older years Can reduce many risk factors
148
What are the nutrients of concern for animals
``` Fat Protein Phosphorus Calcium Magnesium Sodium ```
149
What are the reprocutions for excess fat in the diet
``` Obesity Diabetes Joint disease Heart disease Respiratory disease Anesthetic risk Liver disease ```
150
What reprocutions from extra fat in the diet can kill you
Diabetes Heart disease Liver disease
151
What reprocutions from excess protein can kill an animal
Kidney disease
152
What reprocutions can excess phosphorus in the diet cause and which ones can kill an animal
Kidney disease, skeletal disease and urinary bladder stones. Kidney disease can kill an animal
153
What are the reprocutions from excess calcium in the diet?
Skeletal disease Urinary bladder stones Skin conditions
154
What are the reprocutions from having excess magnesium in the diet
Flutd | Urinary bladder stones
155
What are the reprocutions of excess sodium in the diet and which ones can kill an animal
Heart disease, hypertension and kidney disease. Heart and kidney disease can kill an animal
156
What is energy required for?
Pump minerals/metabolite into and out of cells Digest and absorb nutrients Make molecules such as proteins Contract muscles for movement or work
157
What happens at 10% water loss
Serious illness
158
What happens at 15% water loss
Death
159
What moisture is in dry pet foods
10-12%
160
What moisture in semi moist pet foods
33%
161
What moisture is in canned pet food
72-82%
162
What are carbohydrates used for
For immediate glucose Temporary storage in muscle or liver Excess stores as body fat
163
What are the two types of carbohydrates
Soluble (provide calories) and non soluble (do not provide calories)
164
What do proteins do?
Provide energy
165
What is protein used for
Tissue building and growth Hormones and enzymes Blood cells and antibodies
166
What are the two types of amino acids
Essential aa, nonessential aa
167
Cats require ____x the amount of protein of dogs
1.5-2x
168
What is the most useable protein by the body
Eggs Casein Beef/chicken/lamb/pork Etc
169
What does fat in the diet do?
Enhances palatability of food, prevents dryness of skin and coat
170
What are animal sources of fat
Pork fat Beef tallow Poultry fat Fish oil
171
What are the vegetable sources of fat
Corn oil Sunflower oil Flaxseed
172
What are the fat soluble vitamins
A, d, e, k
173
What are the water soluble vitamins
C, b complex
174
What are the three feeding methods
Free choice Time restricted Meal restricted
175
What to do in an emergency (as AHT)
``` Stay calm Know clinic policies Get adequate info : who what since when? Give adequate recommendations Prepare material to assist ```
176
What are the signs of shock?
Rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, weak pulse, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, lowered body temp, vomiting
177
What does an animal need if it goes into shock?
Iv fluids
178
What to do if there is a HBC
Keep pet airway clear Cover wounds, apply pressure if external hemmorage Carry in box/basket etc.
179
What first aid is done for blocked cats? (Urinary tract)
Empty bladder by cysto | De blocking by catheterization under sedation
180
How do we know if a seizure is an emergency
If another seizure immediately follows
181
How do you treat an animal with a seizure
Keep it in a dark place
182
If a dog is gagging and is unable to vomit for a long time what could be the problem
GDV
183
What is an intoxicant for a dog
``` Rat poison Theobromine (chocolate) Tylenol Antifreeze Toxic plants Flea powders ```
184
What should you do an animal had injested poison
Call poison control line | Induce vomiting if non corrosive product then give activated charcoal
185
How do you treat burns
Run cool water over affected area. Apply antibiotic cream and cover area with bandage.
186
How do you treat frostbite
Give pains medication
187
How do you treat wounds
Clean with antibacterial Flush out dirt Pack with antibiotic Veterinary debriding and sutures
188
What first aid for bleeding
Apply cotton or wool dressing over wound | Bandage formula and apply direct pressure
189
How to do first aid for eye injuries
Full syringe with saline solution
190
What's the first aid for hypothermia
Quickly place pet in cold water | Wrap in cold wet towel
191
What are the clinical signs of hyperthermia
Shock
192
What are signs of respiratory distress
Coughing, gagging, pawing at face
193
What is the normal temperature for dogs
38-39 degrees celcius
194
What is the normal pulse in cats
160 cats
195
What is the normal pulse in dogs
80-120
196
What is the normal respiratory rate of dogs
20-40

Basic Animal Care (6 decks)

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