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Basic Animal Care > BAC Final > Flashcards

BAC Final Flashcards

0
Q

What vaccines are routinely given to puppies?

A

Distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, para influenza and rabies

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1
Q

How many weeks is a puppy protected (because of colostrum) before it starts to wear off

A

A few weeks

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2
Q

At 7-8 weeks what vaccines are routinely given

A

Distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvo virus

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3
Q

What vaccine is given at 12 weeks

A

A booster

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4
Q

What vaccines are given at 16 weeks

A

Booster and rabies

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5
Q

What vaccines are given at 1 year

A

Booster

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6
Q

Rabies virus is usually given every ____ years

A

3 years

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7
Q

What are the optional vaccines available

A 
Leptospirosis
Bordetella
Corona virus
Giardia
Lyme disease
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8
Q

What are expected reactions to vaccinations

A

Local inflammation
Discomfort
24-48hr fever

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9
Q

What are abnormal reactions to a vaccine

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Facial swelling

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10
Q

What are the hormones involved in the oestrus cycle

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Fsh
Lh

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11
Q

Dogs are ______ oestrian

Cats are _______ oestrian

A

Mono

Poly

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12
Q

When do bitches reach breeding age?

A

6 months - 1 year

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13
Q

Do small breed bitches come into heat at a younger age than large breed bitches?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How many heats does a dog have a year

A

Two

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15
Q

How long does a heat last

A

3 weeks

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16
Q

What is the first phase of (dog) heat and how long does it last

A

5-9 days. Pro estrus

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17
Q

Describe pro estrus in dogs

A

Vulva becomes swollen and inflamed and the bitch may lick herself. There may be changes in her appetite and temperament. Bloody discharge drips from the vulva.

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18
Q

How do you know a bitch is entering estrus

A

When her vaginal discharge (blood) lessens

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19
Q

What happens in estrus

A

Ovulation takes place and the bitch is ready for breeding.

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20
Q

When can a bitch become impregnated?

A

During a 3-5 day period in estrus.

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21
Q

What happens if a bitch is impregnated

A

Gestation follows (58-63 days)

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22
Q

What happens if a bitch doesn’t get pregnant in estrus

A

Anoestrus

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23
Q

What is the duration of anoestrus

A

60-180d

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24
Q

What is the duration of pro-oestrus

A

3-15 days

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25
Q

What is the duration of oestrus

A

5-15d

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26
Q

What’s the duration of post oestrus

A

60-65d

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27
Q

How do you prevent gestation in a dog

A

Spaying and neutering
Pill
Hormone injections
Abortion

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28
Q

What are some advantages to spaying

A

Prevents unwanted litters
Eliminates inconvienance of heat periods
Prevents false pregnancies

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29
Q

When you spay an animal what do you remove

A

Ovaries and uterus

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30
Q

When you neuter an animal what do you remove

A

Testicals

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31
Q

What are the advantages to neutering

A

Diminish roaming
Prevents unwanted puppies
Prevents testicular cancer

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32
Q

When do you spay/neuter pups

A

6 months old

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33
Q

What are the predisposing factors to parasite infestations in dogs

A 
Animal concentration
Introduction of new animals
Environmental hygiene
Pet health status
Weather conditions
Parasite ecology
Pet contact with wild animals or pest rodents
Food contamination
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34
Q

What are parasite control methods

A

Regular treatment
Daily removal of feces from the environment
Frequent vacuuming
Appropriate flooring, sealing floor crevasses and frequent washing with appropriate products
Prevent contact with other dogs stools

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35
Q

What are some clinical signs of parasite infestation

A 
Weight loss
Vomiting 
Bloated abdomen 
Anemia
Slowing growth
Diarrhea
Cough
Dull hair
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36
Q

What are some common internal parasites

A 
Round worms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Tapeworm
Protozoans
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37
Q

What are common external parasites

A

Arthropodes

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38
Q

What is the family name of cats

A

Felidae

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39
Q

What is the genus of cats

A

Felis

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40
Q

What are specific anatomical characteristics of cats

A

Strong, flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, teeth adapted to killing, excellent hearing and can see in near darkness

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41
Q

What is the life expectancy of a cat

A

15-18 years

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42
Q

What are the uses of cats

A 
Vermin killers
Status
Companion
Fur trade
Folk remedies
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43
Q

How to cat proof your home

A

Remove toxic plants
Store poisonous material
Store sewing supplies, fragile items
Be careful with electric & blind cords

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44
Q

Why is it recommended to keep a cat indoors

A

City regulations
Safe: less danger
Less chance of getting stolen or lost

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45
Q

If a cat goes outdoors what does he need

A

Must have a proper id and be sterilized

Must be vaccinated and treated for parasites

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46
Q

What is an essential amino acid that cats need

A

Taurine

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47
Q

What grooming should be done frequently

A

Eyes (discharge check)
Ears (debris/odor check)
Nails (trim nails)
Coat (comb to prevent matting)

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48
Q

What three type of shampoos can you use on a cat

A

Insecticidal
Medicated
General purpose

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49
Q

What is declawing?

A

Amputation of 3rd phalange in paws

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50
Q

What do cats need their nails for

A

Climb, hunt and for defense

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51
Q

What are the pros to declawing

A

Medical reasons (trauma, tumor)
Trauma to owners
Less damage to household

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52
Q

What are the cons for declawing

A

Unnatural
Done for owners benefit not cats
Painful surgery with complications

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53
Q

What are some declawing alternatives

A

Scratching post
Claw caps
Tenectomy

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54
Q

How to prevent hairballs

A

Frequent combing

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55
Q

How do you treat hairballs

A

Laxative pastes
Special foods
Special treats

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56
Q

How many litter boxes should you have

A

Number of cats plus 1

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57
Q

What is the maximum amount of time a cat should be alone

A

24-72 hrs max

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58
Q

What are the common cat vaccinations

A 
Rhinotracheitis
Calici virus 
Chlamydia
Bordetella
Panleucopenia
Fiv/feLV
Rabies
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59
Q

What vaccine is given at 6-8 weeks for a cat

A

Fvrcp

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60
Q

What vaccine is given at 3-4 months of age for a cat

A

Booster and non adjuvated rabies

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61
Q

What vaccine is given at 1 year for cats

A

Booster fvrcp and rabies non adjuvanted or adjuvanted

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62
Q

What vaccine is given at 3 years for a cat

A

Booster fvrcp and rabies non adjuvanted or adjuvanted

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63
Q

What are cats in terms of oestrian cycle

A

Poly oestrian

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64
Q

When do cats hit puberty

A

4-12 months

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65
Q

How long is the gestation period of a cat

A

63-65 days

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66
Q

How big is a normal cat litter size

A

1-7 kittens

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67
Q

What is a male cat called

A

A tom

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68
Q

What is a female cat called

A

A queen

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69
Q

How long is pro estrus in cats

A

1-3 days.

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70
Q

Describe pro estrus

A

Attracted to males
Rubs head and neck on objects
Posturing, rolling

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71
Q

How long is estrus period

A

4-6 days if male present, 10 days if no male

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72
Q

What cycle is a cat in after ovulation

A

Diestrus

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73
Q

How long is a cats pseudo pregnancy

A

40 days

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74
Q

How long is a cat in anestrus

A

3-4 months

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75
Q

What are three dangers when dealing with a cat

A

Trauma
Cat scratch disease
Wound infection

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76
Q

What are some reasons for feline restraint

A

Handler safety
Animal safety
Owner safety
Control for success of diagnostic procedure
Control for success of a therapeutic procedure

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77
Q

What are some cat handling techniques

A 
Observe
Prepare material 
Stay calm
Reassure it
Scruff neck
Stretch 
Blanket, muzzle
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78
Q

What are some species of rats

A

Sprague dawley
Wistar
Long Evans

79
Q

What does outbred stock mean

A

Random matings

80
Q

What inbred strains mean

A

20 brother sister matings

81
Q

What does congenic strains mean

A

Single gene mutation

82
Q

What does transgenic mean

A

Have a gene that is spliced in

83
Q

What is the average weight of a rat

A

400-500g male

-100g female

84
Q

What is a rats life span

A

2.5 years

85
Q

Do rats grow forever? And at what rate

A

Yes, very gradually.

86
Q

What are rats considered?

A

Crepuscular

87
Q

What is a normal rats photoperiod

A

12:12

88
Q

Are rats coprophagic?

A

Yes

89
Q

Are males likely to fight when housed together?

A

No

90
Q

What happens to solitary rats?

A

They become stressed,

Larger adrenal glands

91
Q

Are rats omnivores?

A

Yes

92
Q

Do rats burrow?

A

Yes if given the chance

93
Q

Is rats sense of smell and hearing better or worse than a humans

A

Better

94
Q

Rats communicate in what range

A

Ultrasound range

95
Q

What do rats depend on for sight?

A

Wiskers

96
Q

What colors can rats not see

A

Red and orange

97
Q

What is a rats tail used for?

A

Balance and heat exchange

98
Q

How long is a rats estrus cycle

A

4-5 days

99
Q

How long is a rats gestation period

A

21-23 days

100
Q

How big is an average rats litter size

A

3-18 pups

101
Q

At what age does the hair grow in? (Rat baby)

A

8-9 days

102
Q

At what age do the eyes open (rat baby)

A

10-14 days

103
Q

At what age are rats weaned until

A

21 days

104
Q

When do rats hit puberty

A

2 months

105
Q

How many hours of light does a breeding rat require per day

A

14hrs a day

106
Q

Rats have continuos growing ______

A

Incisors

107
Q

What level of noise should a rat be maintained at

A

85 decibels

108
Q

What happens if a rat is exposed to too much light

A

Retinal damage

109
Q

What happens if a rat is exposed to too much noise

A

Audio genic seizures
Cannibalize young
Increase stress hormones

110
Q

Why do rats eat their feces?

A

Get vitamins and extra protein from it

111
Q

How can you identify rats

A

Tail color markings
Standardized ear punching or notching
Tattoos

112
Q

What information should rat cage cards contain

A 
Species
Strain
Protocol number
Source 
Investigator
Sex
Dob
Date of receipt
113
Q

What is the normal temperature and humidity for a rat

A

20-25* celsius. 50-55% humidity

114
Q

How many air changes should a rat have per minute

A

10-20 changed

115
Q

at what level of ammonia do rats show respiratory effects at ?

A

10ppm

116
Q

What is barbering and what causes it?

A

Hair chewed down to skin. Could be caused by boredom or done by a more dominant rat

117
Q

What are a rats signs of illness

A 
Lethargy
Aggressiveness
Hunched posture 
Rough hair coat
Deceased appetite
118
Q

What is porphyrin staining and what does it indicate?

A

Red stains around eyes and indicates stress

119
Q

What are two typical problems with rats teeth

A

Tooth breakage

Malocclusion

120
Q

What does adequate housing provide

A

Behavior and physiological needs
Social interaction w conspecifics
Clean, dry and safe area with adequate ventilation, food and water.
Visualization by personnel

121
Q

What are the two handling/restraint methods for rats

A

Cross technique

V technique

122
Q

What are the risks for handling rats

A

Bites, zoonosis and allergies

123
Q

Why are mice used in biomed research

A

Small, prolific, easily and economically maintained, genetic diversity and well characterized

124
Q

What is the order of mice?

A

Rodentia

125
Q

What is the family of mice

A

Muridae

126
Q

What does axenic mean

A

Germ free

127
Q

What does gnotobiotic mean

A

Defined flora

128
Q

What does SPF mean

A

Specific pathogen free

129
Q

What are knockout mice

A

Mice where a single gene is removed to study various diseases

130
Q

What is a transgenic mouse

A

A mouse with new genetic information inserted into it

131
Q

What is special about naked mice

A

They have no thymus

No rejection response to tissues

132
Q

What do nude mice require to protect them

A

Barrier facility

133
Q

What is the lifespan of a mouse

A

2-3 years

134
Q

What is the avg heart rate of mice

A

500-600bpm

135
Q

What is special about mice?

A

They’re unable to vomit

136
Q

What are mice considered

A

Polyestrus

137
Q

How long is a mices first oestrus

A

28-40 days

138
Q

How long is a mices gestation period

A

19-21 days

139
Q

What is the whitten effect

A

Synchronization of cycles. Grouped females exposed to males or his order = heat -+ 72hrs

140
Q

How many average mice offspring

A

8-12

141
Q

How do you restrain a mouse

A

Catch by tail, lift, place on toe griping surface and scruff

142
Q

What is abnormal behavior of a mouse

A

Barbering, fighting especially in males and teeth grinding

143
Q

What things should you watch for when you enter a room with mice

A 
Eating, drinking 
Signs of fighting or barbering
Ocular or nasal discharge
Rough hair coat
Abnormal behavior
144
Q

What is a nutrient

A

Any food constituent that helps support life

145
Q

What functions of the body are nutrients involved in

A 
Structural components
Involved in chemical reactions of metabolism
Transport substances into or out of body
Maintain body temperature 
Supply energy
146
Q

What are the 6 basic categories of nutrients

A 
Vitamins
Minerals
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrates
Water
147
Q

Why are nutrients important

A

Cornerstone of good health
Appropriate for pets lifestage and specific needs
Improve health jot older years
Can reduce many risk factors

148
Q

What are the nutrients of concern for animals

A 
Fat
Protein
Phosphorus
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
149
Q

What are the reprocutions for excess fat in the diet

A 
Obesity
Diabetes
Joint disease
Heart disease
Respiratory disease 
Anesthetic risk
Liver disease
150
Q

What reprocutions from extra fat in the diet can kill you

A

Diabetes
Heart disease
Liver disease

151
Q

What reprocutions from excess protein can kill an animal

A

Kidney disease

152
Q

What reprocutions can excess phosphorus in the diet cause and which ones can kill an animal

A

Kidney disease, skeletal disease and urinary bladder stones. Kidney disease can kill an animal

153
Q

What are the reprocutions from excess calcium in the diet?

A

Skeletal disease
Urinary bladder stones
Skin conditions

154
Q

What are the reprocutions from having excess magnesium in the diet

A

Flutd

Urinary bladder stones

155
Q

What are the reprocutions of excess sodium in the diet and which ones can kill an animal

A

Heart disease, hypertension and kidney disease. Heart and kidney disease can kill an animal

156
Q

What is energy required for?

A

Pump minerals/metabolite into and out of cells
Digest and absorb nutrients
Make molecules such as proteins
Contract muscles for movement or work

157
Q

What happens at 10% water loss

A

Serious illness

158
Q

What happens at 15% water loss

A

Death

159
Q

What moisture is in dry pet foods

A

10-12%

160
Q

What moisture in semi moist pet foods

A

33%

161
Q

What moisture is in canned pet food

A

72-82%

162
Q

What are carbohydrates used for

A

For immediate glucose
Temporary storage in muscle or liver
Excess stores as body fat

163
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrates

A

Soluble (provide calories) and non soluble (do not provide calories)

164
Q

What do proteins do?

A

Provide energy

165
Q

What is protein used for

A

Tissue building and growth
Hormones and enzymes
Blood cells and antibodies

166
Q

What are the two types of amino acids

A

Essential aa, nonessential aa

167
Q

Cats require ____x the amount of protein of dogs

A

1.5-2x

168
Q

What is the most useable protein by the body

A

Eggs
Casein
Beef/chicken/lamb/pork
Etc

169
Q

What does fat in the diet do?

A

Enhances palatability of food, prevents dryness of skin and coat

170
Q

What are animal sources of fat

A

Pork fat
Beef tallow
Poultry fat
Fish oil

171
Q

What are the vegetable sources of fat

A

Corn oil
Sunflower oil
Flaxseed

172
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A, d, e, k

173
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

C, b complex

174
Q

What are the three feeding methods

A

Free choice
Time restricted
Meal restricted

175
Q

What to do in an emergency (as AHT)

A 
Stay calm
Know clinic policies
Get adequate info : who what since when?
Give adequate recommendations
Prepare material to assist
176
Q

What are the signs of shock?

A

Rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, weak pulse, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, lowered body temp, vomiting

177
Q

What does an animal need if it goes into shock?

A

Iv fluids

178
Q

What to do if there is a HBC

A

Keep pet airway clear
Cover wounds, apply pressure if external hemmorage
Carry in box/basket etc.

179
Q

What first aid is done for blocked cats? (Urinary tract)

A

Empty bladder by cysto

De blocking by catheterization under sedation

180
Q

How do we know if a seizure is an emergency

A

If another seizure immediately follows

181
Q

How do you treat an animal with a seizure

A

Keep it in a dark place

182
Q

If a dog is gagging and is unable to vomit for a long time what could be the problem

A

GDV

183
Q

What is an intoxicant for a dog

A 
Rat poison 
Theobromine (chocolate)
Tylenol
Antifreeze 
Toxic plants
Flea powders
184
Q

What should you do an animal had injested poison

A

Call poison control line

Induce vomiting if non corrosive product then give activated charcoal

185
Q

How do you treat burns

A

Run cool water over affected area. Apply antibiotic cream and cover area with bandage.

186
Q

How do you treat frostbite

A

Give pains medication

187
Q

How do you treat wounds

A

Clean with antibacterial
Flush out dirt
Pack with antibiotic
Veterinary debriding and sutures

188
Q

What first aid for bleeding

A

Apply cotton or wool dressing over wound

Bandage formula and apply direct pressure

189
Q

How to do first aid for eye injuries

A

Full syringe with saline solution

190
Q

What’s the first aid for hypothermia

A

Quickly place pet in cold water

Wrap in cold wet towel

191
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperthermia

A

Shock

192
Q

What are signs of respiratory distress

A

Coughing, gagging, pawing at face

193
Q

What is the normal temperature for dogs

A

38-39 degrees celcius

194
Q

What is the normal pulse in cats

A

160 cats

195
Q

What is the normal pulse in dogs

A

80-120

196
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate of dogs

A

20-40

Basic Animal Care (6 decks)

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