Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Basic Animal Care > BAC Final > Flashcards

BAC Final Flashcards

0
Q

What vaccines are routinely given to puppies?

A

Distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, para influenza and rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How many weeks is a puppy protected (because of colostrum) before it starts to wear off

A

A few weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At 7-8 weeks what vaccines are routinely given

A

Distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvo virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What vaccine is given at 12 weeks

A

A booster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What vaccines are given at 16 weeks

A

Booster and rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What vaccines are given at 1 year

A

Booster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rabies virus is usually given every ____ years

A

3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the optional vaccines available

A 
Leptospirosis
Bordetella
Corona virus
Giardia
Lyme disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are expected reactions to vaccinations

A

Local inflammation
Discomfort
24-48hr fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are abnormal reactions to a vaccine

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Facial swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the hormones involved in the oestrus cycle

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Fsh
Lh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dogs are ______ oestrian

Cats are _______ oestrian

A

Mono

Poly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When do bitches reach breeding age?

A

6 months - 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do small breed bitches come into heat at a younger age than large breed bitches?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many heats does a dog have a year

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long does a heat last

A

3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the first phase of (dog) heat and how long does it last

A

5-9 days. Pro estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe pro estrus in dogs

A

Vulva becomes swollen and inflamed and the bitch may lick herself. There may be changes in her appetite and temperament. Bloody discharge drips from the vulva.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you know a bitch is entering estrus

A

When her vaginal discharge (blood) lessens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in estrus

A

Ovulation takes place and the bitch is ready for breeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When can a bitch become impregnated?

A

During a 3-5 day period in estrus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens if a bitch is impregnated

A

Gestation follows (58-63 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens if a bitch doesn’t get pregnant in estrus

A

Anoestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the duration of anoestrus

A

60-180d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the duration of pro-oestrus

A

3-15 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the duration of oestrus

A

5-15d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What’s the duration of post oestrus

A

60-65d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do you prevent gestation in a dog

A

Spaying and neutering
Pill
Hormone injections
Abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some advantages to spaying

A

Prevents unwanted litters
Eliminates inconvienance of heat periods
Prevents false pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When you spay an animal what do you remove

A

Ovaries and uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When you neuter an animal what do you remove

A

Testicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the advantages to neutering

A

Diminish roaming
Prevents unwanted puppies
Prevents testicular cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When do you spay/neuter pups

A

6 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the predisposing factors to parasite infestations in dogs

A 
Animal concentration
Introduction of new animals
Environmental hygiene
Pet health status
Weather conditions
Parasite ecology
Pet contact with wild animals or pest rodents
Food contamination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are parasite control methods

A

Regular treatment
Daily removal of feces from the environment
Frequent vacuuming
Appropriate flooring, sealing floor crevasses and frequent washing with appropriate products
Prevent contact with other dogs stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are some clinical signs of parasite infestation

A 
Weight loss
Vomiting 
Bloated abdomen 
Anemia
Slowing growth
Diarrhea
Cough
Dull hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are some common internal parasites

A 
Round worms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Tapeworm
Protozoans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are common external parasites

A

Arthropodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the family name of cats

A

Felidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the genus of cats

A

Felis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are specific anatomical characteristics of cats

A

Strong, flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, teeth adapted to killing, excellent hearing and can see in near darkness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the life expectancy of a cat

A

15-18 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the uses of cats

A 
Vermin killers
Status
Companion
Fur trade
Folk remedies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How to cat proof your home

A

Remove toxic plants
Store poisonous material
Store sewing supplies, fragile items
Be careful with electric & blind cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why is it recommended to keep a cat indoors

A

City regulations
Safe: less danger
Less chance of getting stolen or lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

If a cat goes outdoors what does he need

A

Must have a proper id and be sterilized

Must be vaccinated and treated for parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is an essential amino acid that cats need

A

Taurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What grooming should be done frequently

A

Eyes (discharge check)
Ears (debris/odor check)
Nails (trim nails)
Coat (comb to prevent matting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What three type of shampoos can you use on a cat

A

Insecticidal
Medicated
General purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is declawing?

A

Amputation of 3rd phalange in paws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What do cats need their nails for

A

Climb, hunt and for defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are the pros to declawing

A

Medical reasons (trauma, tumor)
Trauma to owners
Less damage to household

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the cons for declawing

A

Unnatural
Done for owners benefit not cats
Painful surgery with complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are some declawing alternatives

A

Scratching post
Claw caps
Tenectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How to prevent hairballs

A

Frequent combing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

How do you treat hairballs

A

Laxative pastes
Special foods
Special treats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

How many litter boxes should you have

A

Number of cats plus 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the maximum amount of time a cat should be alone

A

24-72 hrs max

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are the common cat vaccinations

A 
Rhinotracheitis
Calici virus 
Chlamydia
Bordetella
Panleucopenia
Fiv/feLV
Rabies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What vaccine is given at 6-8 weeks for a cat

A

Fvrcp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What vaccine is given at 3-4 months of age for a cat

A

Booster and non adjuvated rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What vaccine is given at 1 year for cats

A

Booster fvrcp and rabies non adjuvanted or adjuvanted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What vaccine is given at 3 years for a cat

A

Booster fvrcp and rabies non adjuvanted or adjuvanted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What are cats in terms of oestrian cycle

A

Poly oestrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

When do cats hit puberty

A

4-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

How long is the gestation period of a cat

A

63-65 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

How big is a normal cat litter size

A

1-7 kittens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is a male cat called

A

A tom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is a female cat called

A

A queen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

How long is pro estrus in cats

A

1-3 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Describe pro estrus

A

Attracted to males
Rubs head and neck on objects
Posturing, rolling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

How long is estrus period

A

4-6 days if male present, 10 days if no male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What cycle is a cat in after ovulation

A

Diestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

How long is a cats pseudo pregnancy

A

40 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

How long is a cat in anestrus

A

3-4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What are three dangers when dealing with a cat

A

Trauma
Cat scratch disease
Wound infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What are some reasons for feline restraint

A

Handler safety
Animal safety
Owner safety
Control for success of diagnostic procedure
Control for success of a therapeutic procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What are some cat handling techniques

A 
Observe
Prepare material 
Stay calm
Reassure it
Scruff neck
Stretch 
Blanket, muzzle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What are some species of rats

A

Sprague dawley
Wistar
Long Evans

79
Q

What does outbred stock mean

A

Random matings

80
Q

What inbred strains mean

A

20 brother sister matings

81
Q

What does congenic strains mean

A

Single gene mutation

82
Q

What does transgenic mean

A

Have a gene that is spliced in

83
Q

What is the average weight of a rat

A

400-500g male

-100g female

84
Q

What is a rats life span

85
Q

Do rats grow forever? And at what rate

A

Yes, very gradually.

86
Q

What are rats considered?

A

Crepuscular

87
Q

What is a normal rats photoperiod

88
Q

Are rats coprophagic?

89
Q

Are males likely to fight when housed together?

90
Q

What happens to solitary rats?

A

They become stressed,

Larger adrenal glands

91
Q

Are rats omnivores?

92
Q

Do rats burrow?

A

Yes if given the chance

93
Q

Is rats sense of smell and hearing better or worse than a humans

94
Q

Rats communicate in what range

A

Ultrasound range

95
Q

What do rats depend on for sight?

96
Q

What colors can rats not see

A

Red and orange

97
Q

What is a rats tail used for?

A

Balance and heat exchange

98
Q

How long is a rats estrus cycle

99
Q

How long is a rats gestation period

A

21-23 days

100
Q

How big is an average rats litter size

101
Q

At what age does the hair grow in? (Rat baby)

102
Q

At what age do the eyes open (rat baby)

A

10-14 days

103
Q

At what age are rats weaned until

104
Q

When do rats hit puberty

105
Q

How many hours of light does a breeding rat require per day

A

14hrs a day

106
Q

Rats have continuos growing ______

107
Q

What level of noise should a rat be maintained at

A

85 decibels

108
Q

What happens if a rat is exposed to too much light

A

Retinal damage

109
Q

What happens if a rat is exposed to too much noise

A

Audio genic seizures
Cannibalize young
Increase stress hormones

110
Q

Why do rats eat their feces?

A

Get vitamins and extra protein from it

111
Q

How can you identify rats

A

Tail color markings
Standardized ear punching or notching
Tattoos

112
Q

What information should rat cage cards contain

A 
Species
Strain
Protocol number
Source 
Investigator
Sex
Dob
Date of receipt
113
Q

What is the normal temperature and humidity for a rat

A

20-25* celsius. 50-55% humidity

114
Q

How many air changes should a rat have per minute

A

10-20 changed

115
Q

at what level of ammonia do rats show respiratory effects at ?

116
Q

What is barbering and what causes it?

A

Hair chewed down to skin. Could be caused by boredom or done by a more dominant rat

117
Q

What are a rats signs of illness

A 
Lethargy
Aggressiveness
Hunched posture 
Rough hair coat
Deceased appetite
118
Q

What is porphyrin staining and what does it indicate?

A

Red stains around eyes and indicates stress

119
Q

What are two typical problems with rats teeth

A

Tooth breakage

Malocclusion

120
Q

What does adequate housing provide

A

Behavior and physiological needs
Social interaction w conspecifics
Clean, dry and safe area with adequate ventilation, food and water.
Visualization by personnel

121
Q

What are the two handling/restraint methods for rats

A

Cross technique

V technique

122
Q

What are the risks for handling rats

A

Bites, zoonosis and allergies

123
Q

Why are mice used in biomed research

A

Small, prolific, easily and economically maintained, genetic diversity and well characterized

124
Q

What is the order of mice?

125
Q

What is the family of mice

126
Q

What does axenic mean

127
Q

What does gnotobiotic mean

A

Defined flora

128
Q

What does SPF mean

A

Specific pathogen free

129
Q

What are knockout mice

A

Mice where a single gene is removed to study various diseases

130
Q

What is a transgenic mouse

A

A mouse with new genetic information inserted into it

131
Q

What is special about naked mice

A

They have no thymus

No rejection response to tissues

132
Q

What do nude mice require to protect them

A

Barrier facility

133
Q

What is the lifespan of a mouse

134
Q

What is the avg heart rate of mice

A

500-600bpm

135
Q

What is special about mice?

A

They’re unable to vomit

136
Q

What are mice considered

A

Polyestrus

137
Q

How long is a mices first oestrus

A

28-40 days

138
Q

How long is a mices gestation period

A

19-21 days

139
Q

What is the whitten effect

A

Synchronization of cycles. Grouped females exposed to males or his order = heat -+ 72hrs

140
Q

How many average mice offspring

141
Q

How do you restrain a mouse

A

Catch by tail, lift, place on toe griping surface and scruff

142
Q

What is abnormal behavior of a mouse

A

Barbering, fighting especially in males and teeth grinding

143
Q

What things should you watch for when you enter a room with mice

A 
Eating, drinking 
Signs of fighting or barbering
Ocular or nasal discharge
Rough hair coat
Abnormal behavior
144
Q

What is a nutrient

A

Any food constituent that helps support life

145
Q

What functions of the body are nutrients involved in

A 
Structural components
Involved in chemical reactions of metabolism
Transport substances into or out of body
Maintain body temperature 
Supply energy
146
Q

What are the 6 basic categories of nutrients

A 
Vitamins
Minerals
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrates
Water
147
Q

Why are nutrients important

A

Cornerstone of good health
Appropriate for pets lifestage and specific needs
Improve health jot older years
Can reduce many risk factors

148
Q

What are the nutrients of concern for animals

A 
Fat
Protein
Phosphorus
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
149
Q

What are the reprocutions for excess fat in the diet

A 
Obesity
Diabetes
Joint disease
Heart disease
Respiratory disease 
Anesthetic risk
Liver disease
150
Q

What reprocutions from extra fat in the diet can kill you

A

Diabetes
Heart disease
Liver disease

151
Q

What reprocutions from excess protein can kill an animal

A

Kidney disease

152
Q

What reprocutions can excess phosphorus in the diet cause and which ones can kill an animal

A

Kidney disease, skeletal disease and urinary bladder stones. Kidney disease can kill an animal

153
Q

What are the reprocutions from excess calcium in the diet?

A

Skeletal disease
Urinary bladder stones
Skin conditions

154
Q

What are the reprocutions from having excess magnesium in the diet

A

Flutd

Urinary bladder stones

155
Q

What are the reprocutions of excess sodium in the diet and which ones can kill an animal

A

Heart disease, hypertension and kidney disease. Heart and kidney disease can kill an animal

156
Q

What is energy required for?

A

Pump minerals/metabolite into and out of cells
Digest and absorb nutrients
Make molecules such as proteins
Contract muscles for movement or work

157
Q

What happens at 10% water loss

A

Serious illness

158
Q

What happens at 15% water loss

159
Q

What moisture is in dry pet foods

160
Q

What moisture in semi moist pet foods

161
Q

What moisture is in canned pet food

162
Q

What are carbohydrates used for

A

For immediate glucose
Temporary storage in muscle or liver
Excess stores as body fat

163
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrates

A

Soluble (provide calories) and non soluble (do not provide calories)

164
Q

What do proteins do?

A

Provide energy

165
Q

What is protein used for

A

Tissue building and growth
Hormones and enzymes
Blood cells and antibodies

166
Q

What are the two types of amino acids

A

Essential aa, nonessential aa

167
Q

Cats require ____x the amount of protein of dogs

168
Q

What is the most useable protein by the body

A

Eggs
Casein
Beef/chicken/lamb/pork
Etc

169
Q

What does fat in the diet do?

A

Enhances palatability of food, prevents dryness of skin and coat

170
Q

What are animal sources of fat

A

Pork fat
Beef tallow
Poultry fat
Fish oil

171
Q

What are the vegetable sources of fat

A

Corn oil
Sunflower oil
Flaxseed

172
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A, d, e, k

173
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

C, b complex

174
Q

What are the three feeding methods

A

Free choice
Time restricted
Meal restricted

175
Q

What to do in an emergency (as AHT)

A 
Stay calm
Know clinic policies
Get adequate info : who what since when?
Give adequate recommendations
Prepare material to assist
176
Q

What are the signs of shock?

A

Rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, weak pulse, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, lowered body temp, vomiting

177
Q

What does an animal need if it goes into shock?

178
Q

What to do if there is a HBC

A

Keep pet airway clear
Cover wounds, apply pressure if external hemmorage
Carry in box/basket etc.

179
Q

What first aid is done for blocked cats? (Urinary tract)

A

Empty bladder by cysto

De blocking by catheterization under sedation

180
Q

How do we know if a seizure is an emergency

A

If another seizure immediately follows

181
Q

How do you treat an animal with a seizure

A

Keep it in a dark place

182
Q

If a dog is gagging and is unable to vomit for a long time what could be the problem

183
Q

What is an intoxicant for a dog

A 
Rat poison 
Theobromine (chocolate)
Tylenol
Antifreeze 
Toxic plants
Flea powders
184
Q

What should you do an animal had injested poison

A

Call poison control line

Induce vomiting if non corrosive product then give activated charcoal

185
Q

How do you treat burns

A

Run cool water over affected area. Apply antibiotic cream and cover area with bandage.

186
Q

How do you treat frostbite

A

Give pains medication

187
Q

How do you treat wounds

A

Clean with antibacterial
Flush out dirt
Pack with antibiotic
Veterinary debriding and sutures

188
Q

What first aid for bleeding

A

Apply cotton or wool dressing over wound

Bandage formula and apply direct pressure

189
Q

How to do first aid for eye injuries

A

Full syringe with saline solution

190
Q

What’s the first aid for hypothermia

A

Quickly place pet in cold water

Wrap in cold wet towel

191
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperthermia

192
Q

What are signs of respiratory distress

A

Coughing, gagging, pawing at face

193
Q

What is the normal temperature for dogs

A

38-39 degrees celcius

194
Q

What is the normal pulse in cats

195
Q

What is the normal pulse in dogs

196
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate of dogs

Basic Animal Care (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions