Dogs Flashcards
Should you restrict freshwater?
No
What are some appropriate forms of housing for a dog?
Crates, children gates, playpens, dog runs and small rooms
Are you supposed to feed a dog table scraps? What can happen?
No. The dog can become obese and also have a vitamin/mineral deficiency
How often are you supposed to give treats?
Within reason, a low cal treat
How is dog nutrition determined?
By size and life stage.
Should be tailored for appropriate growth and to prevent obesity
Give four reasons why you should groom your pet
- Makes dog feel good
- Makes dog look good
- Inspection and detection
- Reinforces the bond
What are the strategic spots for brushing?
Behind ears
Under footpads
Chest area
Back of hind legs
When should you start brushing your pet?
At a young age
How frequently should a pet be brushed ideally ?
Once per day
List 3 reasons why bathing pets is important
To clean and condition the coat - diminish odors
To treat skin conditions
To get rid of extoparasites
Should you brush before or after you bathe your dog?
Brush before
What are the three types of shampoos for bathing dogs?
Insecticidal
Medicated
General purpose
Can you use a hairdryer on a dog to dry him?
Yes but be sure that it is not too hot, can burn or give heatstroke to the dog
Why do we do oral care on dogs?
To prevent periodontal disease and systemic diseases
How often should you brush your dogs teeth?
Once a week
When does a dog have his deciduous teeth?
4-7 months
How many teeth does a dog have as an adult?
42
How can you ease a dog into a teeth brushing routine?
Rub his gums with wet food to get him used to the action
What are the three major parts of the ear?
Outer (pinna)
Middle (tympanic membrane)
Inner
How can you increase air flow into the ear canal?
Plucking hairs from opening of ear canal
Tying or taping ears together on top of head
When do you need to see a vet in terms of ear problems?
As soon as there is a foul odor, discharge, dog shakes ears often
What is otitis?
Yeasts,
Bacteria,
Parasites such as mites
What are symptoms of otitis?
Scratching Shaking head Tilting head to one side Evidence of pain when touched Sour smell
What are some basic forms of ear care?
Drying ears after bathing or swimming
Cleaning ears with gauze pads soaked with an ear cleansing solution
Veterinary prescriptions /ear swab analysis
Why is nail care important?
For animals comfort
Injury prevention
What are some issues associated with anal glands?
Clogged Foul smelling Irritated Infected Abcessed
What is the difference between professional emptying and groomers?
Professionals will empty anal glands and if there is a blockage they can fix it whereas groomers do not pay attention to blockages and will not alert you to problems
Should excess hairs around eyes be tied or shaved?
Yes
Why should dogs keep their head inside the car?
Because they can get debris in their eye or have their eyes dry out
What symptoms should you be on the lookout for with dog eyes?
Redness, excessive staining, soreness, discharge
Why do dogs tears stain their coat? What can be used to hide protein staining?
Because it contains protein. Chalk can be used as make up for dogs
What are the signs of illness in a dog?
Poor coat Dull eyes/ discharge Anorexia Vomiting Change in stool Becomes listless Pale gums Fever
What is the normal temperature range of a dog?
38.3c to 39.5c
Why are stools useful for determining the health of your dog?
Because they are a direct representation of your dogs digestion and general health
How often should your dog be walked?
Twice a day
What are the vaccination requirements for boarding facilities?
Kennel cough
What are vaccinations?
Preventative protection against diseases
Is immunity from a vaccination indefinite?
No it is not. Requires boosters on a set schedule
Are vaccines 100% efficient?
No. But most efficient when maintaining a proper vaccination schedule
What is a colostrum ?
First milk a mother gives to her puppy. Rich in antibiotics and gives dog a passive immunity
Why would vaccinations vary between dog and medical professional?
Because each professional has a different view of what vaccines are important. Each animal is given individual vaccines in accordance with environment and health status
What is vaniers vaccination protocol?
7-8 weeks : distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvovirus
12 weeks: booster
16 weeks: booster plus rabies
1 year: booster
What are optional vaccines?
Leptospirosis Bordatella (kennel cough) Corona virus Giardia Lyme disease
What the expected adverse reactions to a vaccination?
Local inflammation and discomfort
24-48hr fever
What are abnormal adverse reactions to a vaccine?
Allergic reaction (can be fatal. Immediate intervention needed)
Frequent vomiting
Diarrhea
Facial swelling
What is a way to control the risk of a vaccine?
One vaccine at a time and keeping the animal under supervision
What controls the oestral cycle?
Endocrine
What hormones are involved with oestral cycle?
Estrogen, progesterone, fsh and lh
What are the cycle types?
Continuous (pig,cow)
Seasonal cycles (dogs,cats,mares,goats)
Mono-oestrian cycle (dogs)
Poly-oestrian cycle (cats,mares,goats,sheep)
What is the gestation period for a bitch?
58-63 days
What is the typical litter size?
1-15pups
How many heats does a bitch have and how many months apart are they?
Two heats/year and 6months apart
What is the breeding age for a bitch?
Between 6months-1 yr of age
Can dogs seperate while they have sex?
No they cannot
What are four ways to prevent gestation in bitches?
Surveillance
Spaying and neutering
Pill
Hormone injections
How can you stop gestation once it has started?
Abortion
What does spaying include?
The removal of both the ovaries and uterus
What are some advantages to spaying?
Prevents unwanted litters
Eliminates the inconvienance of heat periods
Helps prevent uterine problems such as infection
Lessens the possibility of mammary tumors
Prevents false pregnancies
What are some advantages to neutering ?
Diminishes roaming Prevents unwanted puppies Makes males less aggressive and less likely to develop undesirable traits such as mounting Prevents testicular cancer Prevents prostate problems
What is neutering?
Removal of both testicals of the male
When should you spay or neuter?
as young as 6-14 weeks but normally at 6 months
Temporary methods of canine identification
Medals: city id medals, rabies tags
Capsuls
Collars
What are the pros and cons of temporary methods of canine identification
Pros: low cost
Cons: can be lost or broken
What are a few types of permanent canine identification
Tattoos: 2 types:
Ear punch type
Pencil type
Microchips
What are some health risks of toys?
Catching diseases
Breaking teeth
Foreign body : obstruction
What is the proper crate size for a dog?
Leaves enough room that he could stand and turn around even when fully grown
What are the types of crates available?
Metal collapsible, plastic traveling crate
Where should a dogs crate be placed?
In a room with human activity
What enrichment should be placed in a dogs crate?
Few treats, food, toys, blanket, water
How do you keep the crate a positive place for a dog?
Never use it as punishment
Why should table scraps not be given during family dinner time?
Because it encourages begging and negative behaviors
How should long hair be combed?
From the extemities
How do you keep a breed with wrinkles from developing infection?
Rinse wrinkles with warm water and mild soap and dry them. Apply baby powder in wrinkles to keep them dry
How can teeth and gums be maintained in a healthy state?
Regular teeth brushing, feeding a specially formulated dental diet and treats, avoiding table scraps
What can sweet, fruity smelling dog breath be caused by?
Diabetes
What can foul smelling dog breath be caused by?
Liver or intestinal diseases
What can breath smelling of ammonia or urine be caused by?
Kidney disease
Why are breeds with tight lips more likely to have dental problems than breeds with loose lips?
Because there is no space for hard food to rub against the teeth when they chew and therefor plaque develops
What are the two types of toothbrushes available for dogs?
Finger brushes
Regular tooth brushes
How often should you check yur dogs ears?
Weekly
How often should nails be checked and cut?
Every two weeks
What are the types of nail cutters available?
Guillotine type, scissor type , nail grinder and nail file
How can you stop bleeding if you cut the quick?
Quick stop powder, silver nitrate pencil, cornstarch, flour
What are white stools indicative of?
Ingestion of bones, or is a sign of liver or pancreatic dysfunction
What are black, tarry stools indicative of?
Occult blood and indicate that bleeding is occurring in upper regions of the digestive tract
What is fresh red blood in stool indicative of?
Bleeding occurring in lower part of the digestive system
