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Year 3 Random MOD > Farm animal Biosecurity > Flashcards

Farm animal Biosecurity Flashcards

1
Q

Define biosecurity

A

measures taken to prevent the introduction or spread of (infectious) disease. Essential component to infectious disease management

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2
Q

What does management of ID involve? 3 things

A
  1. Biosecurity, preventing disease entry
  2. Reduce disease challenge (pathogen challenge)
  3. Improve animals resistance
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3
Q

How do we reduce disease challenge?

A

Through:

  1. Management = hygiene, ventilation, stocking rates
  2. Test and cull infected animals
  3. Drug treatments - antibiotics/ anthelmintics
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4
Q

How do we improve animal resistance?

A
  1. vacccination
  2. Management - improve nutrition, reduce stress and concurrent disease
  3. Breeding for resistance
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5
Q

What is the OIE

What is one thing it decides

A

World organisation for animal health

Decides notifiable diseases

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6
Q

What is the OIE’2 6 principles

A
  1. Transparency
    a. Make sure countries across the world understand global animal disease situation in other countries
  2. Scientific info
    a. Ensure all countries have the best access to scientific info and veterinary info to help manage their own ID situations
  3. International solidarity
    a. Encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases
  4. Sanitary safety
    a. Publishing health standards for international trade in animals and animal products
  5. Promotion of veterinary services
    a. Improve legal framework and resources of national veterinary services
  6. Food safety and animal welfare
    a. Provide better guarantee of food of animal origin and promote animal welfare through a
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7
Q

What are the rules when you get a notifiable disease? international

A
  1. Country must inform OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health)
  2. First occurrence of a ND
  3. Recurrence of a ND
  4. New strain of a ND
  5. Change in morbidity or mortality patterns
  6. Change in epidemiology
  7. New emerging diseases
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8
Q

Who is biosecurity at the national level in the UK managed by?

A

Department of Environmental Food and Rural Affairs, DEFRA

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9
Q

What is DEFRA’s role with regards to biosecurity?

A

They implement government policy and design legislation around biosecurity and notifiable and infectious diseases
Control measures to stop disease coming into country – animal and animal product movements, import and export, testing regimes
Surveillance – international disease monitoring, national DM, much done through organisation APHA
Mange disease outbreaks for notifiable diseases

e.g. TB split country into tiers

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10
Q

Biosecurity at farm level what are the 3 different types of strategies you as a vet can go down..

A
  1. Prevent intro of all infectious agents
  2. Target specific diseases
  3. None at all

Must be tailored to each individual farm based on herd health aims, current disease status, management systems, feasibility and cost

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11
Q

How is disease brought onto a farm?

A
  1. animals - replacement, grazing, escapees, neighbours
  2. vectors
  3. Wildlife
  4. Farm pets
  5. People
  6. Vehicles and equipment fomites
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12
Q

Divising a biosecurity herd/ flock plan: what to cover

A
  1. herd health aims for the farm
  2. which diseases
  3. what is current status of farm
  4. how does disease enter
  5. Quantify risk
  6. Measures to reduce risk
  7. Consider feasibility and affordability
  8. Assemble into a document
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13
Q

What are hygeine practices around the farm we must have protocols to prevent, contain, eliminate and reduce the spread of infectious diseases around the farm?

A
  1. Bedding
  2. Air
  3. People
  4. Equipment
  5. Buildings
  6. handling areas
  7. pasture
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14
Q

Cleaning and disinfection plan

  1. most important step?
A
  1. Cleaning
  2. select appropriate disinfectant for purpose
  3. Apply disinfectant

Cleaning = most important step

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15
Q
  1. Cleaning plan =
A 
most important step
removes 90-99% bacteria
3. AIM = remove as much organic material as possible
4. wash in hot water and detergents
5. rinse
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16
Q

How to apply disinfectant?

A
  1. correct conc
  2. Correct method
  3. Contact time
  4. rinse and allow to dry
17
Q

Role of air hygeine/ ventilation in biosecurity?

A
  1. It reduced pathogen load
  2. it dries the environment so less supportive of microorganisms
  3. regulates thermal environment of building
  4. Often over looked in building design
  5. Problem in older buildings
  6. Important for many farm animal ID including pneumonia
18
Q

Pasture hygein aim:

How to achieve

A

To reduce pasture pathogen contamination

Crop rotations, forage, reseeding, stocking rates, no micing age groups, SCOPS grazing risk assessment

19
Q

What are Biocides?

give examples

A 
Substances used to control, prevent or destroy harmful microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
Biocides include:
1. Sanitizers
2. Antiseptics
3. Disinfectants
4. Sterilants

Year 3 Random MOD (18 decks)

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