FAR - Framework/Overview - FASB, Fair Value Framework

Question 1

TRUE/FALSE

FV measurement is elected; the firm must use the framework for determining (measuring) fair value

Answer 1

TRUE
framework for determining (measuring) FV must be followed (limited exceptions) whenever FV measurement is used, either as required by GAAP or permitted by GAAP as an alternative that is elected by an entity.

Question 2

A invests in B for 20% of stock, B makes dividend of $5, and A’s investments at year end increases by $1. A uses FV measurement of investment. What’s is A’s net income for the year?

Answer 2

A’s net income is 20% of B’s dividend = $1 + $1 of A’s increase of his investment totaling $2.

Net income = increase of investment at measurement date + percentage of dividends.

Question 3

If there is no advantageous market available (principal market), how to compute the fair value?

Answer 3

If asset is quoted in several markets, take the quote price - transaction cost = net proceed, market with the highest net proceeds will be the market of which fair value will be reflected in order to maximize the most the firm can receive with the lowest costs = highest gross profit.

Question 4

True/False

Fair value is measured at the exit price

Answer 4

TRUE

By definition, the fair value for an asset or liability is measured as the price that would be received when selling an asset or paid when transferring a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants

Question 5

Which costs can adjust FV of asset/liability?

Answer 5

Only transportation costs, not transaction costs.

Question 6

Purpose of FV framework?

Answer 6

1) Definition of FV for GAAP
2) Framework to determine FV
3) Expanded Disclosures

Question 7

True/False

Inventory reported at LCM is exempt from FV measurement

Answer 7

True

LCM use places upper (“ceiling”) and lower (“floor”) limits on the measurement of “market” that may not result in a true fair value measurement. measurement of inventory at “market” is one of the few exceptions

Question 8

What elements must undergoe when determining asset at FV and is intended for highest and best use?

Answer 8

1) physically possible
2) legally permissible
3) financially feasible

Question 9

True/False

ASC 820 exempts share-based payment transactions (and inventory valuing) from fair value framework.

Answer 9

True

Inventory and common stock transactions are exempt

Question 10

In the determination of fair value of a nonfinancial asset, the highest and best use of the asset may be determined as occurring through use and/or through exchange.

Answer 10

TRUE

highest/best use of a nonfinancial asset (its max value) to market participants may occur either principally through its use with other assets or principally on the price that would be received to sell (exchange) the asset.

Question 11

Define “exit price”.

Answer 11

price received to sell asset/paid to transfer a liability.

Question 12

Define “entry price”.

Answer 12

price paid to acquire asset/price received to assume a liab

Question 13

3 measurement techniques for recognition/measurement of FV

Answer 13

1) market - based on market transaction of assets/liab that are identical/similar
2) income - discount future amounts to present value
3) cost - consider replacement costs

Question 14

When does entry price and exit price differ?

Answer 14

1) transaction between related parties
2) seller is under duress (liquidation sale)
3) unit of acct/measure is different from unit of acct used to measure asset/liab at FV
4) market in which transaction price takes place is different from principal market

Question 15

Assets/liab entities cannot use FV to measure/report

Answer 15

1) investment in a subsidiary (consolidation)
2) interest in a Variable Interest Entity (consolidation)
3) pension benefits/employee-oriented plans
4) leased acct - financial assets/liab
5) bank demand deposit liab
6) instruments as a component of S/H equity

Question 16

Dates when entity may elect FV option

Answer 16

1) item is recognized
2) firm commitment established
3) item’s acct treatment ceases
4) investment subject to equity method acct OR to a VIE no longer consolidated
5) required item due to business combination or modification to debt instrument

Question 17

Items allowed to measure and report at FV

Answer 17

1) recognized financial assets/liab
2) firm commitments
3) rights/obligations under insurance contracts/warranties
4) written loan commitments
5) financial instruments embedded in non-financial derivative instruments

Question 18

TRUE/FALSE

Investments held-to-maturity can be measured via the valuation methods: 1) amortized cost and 2) fair value

Answer 18

TRUE

Both amortized cost and fair value may be used to measure and report investments classified as held-to-maturity.

Amortized cost is the traditional measurement method for investments held-to-maturity and would be used unless an entity elects to use fair value, which is permitted by the fair value option.

Question 19

What is the FV of an asset/liab?

Answer 19

Exit price

Question 20

firm changes the valuation approach used to determine fair value, how would the amount of change in fair value resulting from the change in the valuation approach be reported?

Answer 20

Change in an accounting estimate -> reported under current income as income from continuing operations

Question 21

Can a parent company elect to report its investments and subsidiaries’ investments held-for-maturity at FV?

Answer 21

parent may elect to report all of the investments held-to-maturity at fair value in its consolidated statements (only)

Question 22

True/False

principal market is active and available for an item, use the market price from this principal market even if it allows the entity other profitable options with a higher return.

Answer 22

TRUE

Always use principal market, regardless of other options.

Question 23

True/False

Parent reports any assets acquired from subsidiary on consolidated financials at historical cost -> NOT FV.

Answer 23

TRUE

Consolidated financials -> show no profit/gains/losses -> historical cost

Question 24

True/False

Parent reports any assets acquired from subsidiary on ITS financial statements at FV

Answer 24

TRUE

Parent’s financials -> allowed to report at FV (not consolidated financials)

Question 25

True/False

Exit and entry price differ when transaction holds a related party

Answer 25

TRUE

Majority S/H may sell asset to an entity; therefore exit price (FV) may be different from the entry price (acquisition/transaction cost)

Question 26

Describe fair value measurement inputs.

Answer 26

assumptions/data used in valuation techniques:

observable: based on market data from independent sources
unobservable: entity’s assumptions about factors that impact determination of fair value

Question 27

What are the three levels of the fair value hierarchy and what does each consist of?

Answer 27

Level 1 - highest level, observable inputs, quoted market prices for assets/liab, identical to those being valued

Level 2 - observable inputs, directly/indirectly, other than those described in one, most likely based off quoted prices of similar assets/liab or identical prices in non-active markets

Level 3 - lowest level, unobservable inputs, based on entity’s internal data and assumptions

Question 28

What purpose does the fair value hierarchy serve?

Answer 28

prioritize/rank the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure FV

Question 29

True/False

In level 1, input must be adjusted for the blockage factor

Answer 29

False.

inputs may not be adjusted for the blockage factor (entity owns sizeable position int he asset/liab relative to trading volume in the market)

Question 30

What significant fair value disclosures are required ONLY in ANNUAL statements?

Answer 30

Methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value.

Question 31

Special disclosures required for fair value measurements (on a recurring basis) that are based on unobservable inputs (i.e., Level 3 inputs)?

Answer 31

1) reconcile beginning and ending balances
2) description of valuation process used
3) quantitative info about unobservable inputs used
4) narrative of FV sensitivity to changes in unobservable inputs used
5) unrealized gains/losses for period and where reported

Question 32

What types of comparisons are fair value option disclosures intended to facilitate?

Answer 32

1) between companies that have different measurement methods for similar assets/liab
2) between asset/liab in financials subject to different measurement methods within a single company

Question 33

difference between FV on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis

Answer 33

recurring basis: asset/liab FV reflected after each period

nonrecurring basis: asset/liab FV reflected after a single special event/circumstance

Question 34

TRUE/FALSE

Quantitative disclosures must be made in tabular format

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

TRUE/FALSE

Fair value measurement disclosures require both that fair value amounts be disclosed separately for each level of the fair value hierarchy

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

TRUE/FALSE

FV disclosure requirements differ when assets/liab are adjusted for FV on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

TRUE/FALSE

Disclosures on FV measurement are required on both the interim and annual financials

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

TRUE/FALSE

Level 1 - observable inputs, requires greatest amount of disclosures

Answer 38

FALSE

Level 3 - requires greatest amount of disclosures because of the unobservable inputs

Question 39

TRUE/FALSE

Combined disclosures on about FV measurements are NOT required, but encouraged

Answer 39

TRUE