Famous sociologists(theories)

Question 1

Roots of sociology

Answer 1

Ibn Khaldun

-14th century historian
-Wrote about world around him (political events and social problems of Muslim world)
-Forefather of sociology

Question 2

Industrial Revolution(1760-1840)

Answer 2

-Period of massive change in agriculture and manufacturing
*significantly altered the social, economic and cultural conditions in England Changed everything!

Question 3

Effects of industrial revolution

Answer 3

-Middle class got richer - working class hit hard *increased social inequality

-Factories (machines) replaced people = people lost their jobs (unemployment)

-Long hours, low wage, poor working conditions

-Increase in child labour

-People moved to cities - cities became overcrowded

-Living conditions worsen, crime increases

Question 4

August comte

Answer 4

-First to use term sociology

Question 5

Macrosociology

Answer 5

approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale

-study of social structures and institutions
-Ex: study religion by looking at religious worship as a large structure or institution

Question 6

Microsociology

Answer 6

-Study of small groups and individuals within a society
- Study of social interactions
- Ex: study religion by looking at individual worshipper or small group of worshippers

Question 7

Who i think is the most impactful sociologist?

Answer 7

The person who has the most impact on me is Charles Cooley due to his concept of the “looking glass self.” As a teenager it is easy to think of myself as how others may perceive me and that may alter the way i act around others. I can relate to his concept of social perception, especially since i attend high school everyday and interact with teachers, close friends, and my peers. As a teenager it’s easy to focus on being accepted by how others may view you, and it is important to focus on your own identity without letting other people perceptions of yourself control your self image. His beliefs help me understand who i am as a person especially in a social environment

Question 8

Gender

Answer 8

is learned from birth and throughout life. Gender includes the social roles and psychological characteristics that a society recognizes as appropriate for a man or a women; these attributes are the result of socialization rather than biology

Question 9

Agents of socialization

Answer 9

forces in a persons life that teach them about the world and their place within it

Question 10

What part of ethics play in sociological reasearch?

Answer 10

sociologists must follow the inquiry model and use all of the research methods depending on the nature of their inquiry. This helps sociologists ensure that the participants are informed of the research being done, they have privacy, are treated with respect, and have fairness

Question 11

Talcott parsons

Answer 11

Structural functionalism

studied how social structures function to serve the needs of society

Contribution: Talcott parsons developed the structural functionalist school of thought in the U.S.

Question 12

Karl Marx

Answer 12

Conflict Marx

Focused on social class conflicts and the role of social evolution and its importance in order for a better understanding of social evolution

He concluded that the only way for the lower clas people to achieve equality would be to kick the wealth class out of the social power

Question 13

Dorothy smith

Answer 13

Feminist Sociology

Theories: Culture is socially constructed, and society is built in favour of men; therefore society doesn’t operate in the interest of women

Contributions; Published “The everyday world is problematic: A Feminist Sociology”

Question 14

Max Weber

Answer 14

Symbolic interactionism
-How people became product of their environment
-The responsibility of an individual at a macro scale

Contributions: The protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism, economy and society, advocate for rationalization and bureaucracy

Theories:
- buisness tasks should be divided among workers
- believed 6 bureaucracy principles: rationality, hierarchy, expertise

Question 15

Charles Horton cooley

Answer 15

-studied the relationship between an individual and society
-believes individuals and society are constantly influenced by others
-Looking glass-self for him the title of “founding theorist for symbolic interaction”

Question 16

Emile Durkheim

Answer 16

-was considered the first sociologist
-a french sociologist influxes by comte
- founded structural functionalism
-pioneered modern method of statistical analysis, recording observations in charts and comparing them to explain his research

Beliefs:
-Focused on the idea that society’s functions are logically based
-Observed that humans are fundamentally social and define themselves based on their social interactions
-Believed that society is always changing
-Wrote a controversial book on why people commit suicide

Question 17

George Herbert Mead

Answer 17

Key contribution:

The looking glass self
-worked as charles’s cooleys colleague
-added details to the theory on the importance of symbols, language, and communications in human relationships
-Added “The individual assumes a variety of different social roles depending on circumstances, and learns early on which mask to wear.