Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EPPP - Clinical Psychology > Family Therapies and Group Therapies > Flashcards

Family Therapies and Group Therapies Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What 3 theories to most approaches to family therapy stem from?

A
  1. general systems theory
  2. cybernetic theory
  3. communication theory (Bateson)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain general systems theory.

A

All systems:

  • consist of interacting components
  • are governed by the same general rules
  • have homeostatic mechanisms that help them maintain a state of stability and equilibrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain cybernetic theory.

A
  • concerned with the mechanisms that regulate a system’s functioning
  • negative feedback loops resist change and help a system maintain the status quo
  • positive feedback loops amplify change and disrupt the status quo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to Bateson, what are symmetrical interactions?

A
  • reflect equality
  • happen when the behavior of one person elicits a similar type of behavior from the other person
  • can escalate in intensity and become a “one-upmanship game”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

According to Bateson, what are complementary interactions?

A
  • reflect inequality
  • happen when the behavior of one person complements the behavior of the other person
  • a common complementary pattern is for one person to assume a dominant role, while the other assumes a subordinate role
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Bateson’s Communication Theory, when do problems happen in families?

A

when interactions between family members are exclusively symmetrical or complementary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What assumptions do postmodern approaches to family therapy make?

A
  1. there are multiple viewpoints and realities

2. family therapy as a shared process in which the therapist forms a collaborative relationship with the family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the levels of evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies in order from lowest to highest?

A
  1. Level I
  2. Level II
  3. Level III
    3a. Category 1
    3b. Category 2
    3c. Category 3
    3d. Category 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What counts as Level I evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies?

A
  • supported by pre-existing research or linked to evidence-based treatment models
  • have not been empirically evaluated themselves and/or have not been evaluated for specific populations or problems
  • e.g. Gottman’s marital therapy, structural family therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What counts as Level II evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies?

A
  • have preliminary evidence of their effectiveness
  • have not been replicated for specific populations or problems
  • e.g. insight-oriented marital therapy, attachment-based family therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What counts as Level III evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies?

A
  • supported by systematic high-quality research that shows they are effective for the clinical problems they are designed to treat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What counts as Level III Category 1 evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies?

A
  • evidence of an intervention’s efficacy and effectiveness when compared to no treatment (absolute efficacy)
  • e.g. brief structural family therapy, integrative behavioral couple therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What counts as Level III Category 2 evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies?

A
  • evidence of an intervention’s efficacy and effectiveness compared to alternative treatments (relative efficacy)
  • e.g. behavioral marital therapy, parent management training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What counts as Level III Category 3 evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies?

A
  • evidence of the efficacy and effectiveness of an intervention’s model-specific change mechanisms (verified mechanisms of action)
  • e.g. behavioral couples therapy, family psychoeducation interventions for schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What counts as Level III Category 4 evidence for Evidence-Based Couple and Family Therapies?

A
  • evidence that the intervention has beneficial outcomes for specific client populations, for specific clinical problems, and for different service delivery systems (contextual efficacy)
  • e.g. multisystemic therapy for adolescent problem behaviors, behavioral couples therapy for alcohol and substance abuse disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Match the family therapy with its creator.

  1. Extended Family Systems Therapy
  2. Structural Family Therapy
  3. Strategic Family Therapy
  4. Systemic Family Therapy
  5. Conjoint Family Therapy
  6. Narrative Family Therapy
  7. Emotionally Focused Therapy

a. Minuchin
b. White & Epston
c. Haley
d. Bowen
e. Satir
f. Greenburg & Johnson
g. Milan

A
  1. d.
  2. a.
  3. c
  4. g.
  5. e.
  6. b.
  7. f.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Extended Family Systems Therapy say about problems?

A

the transmission of certain emotional processes from one generation to the next is responsible for the development of schizophrenia in a family member

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is intrapersonal differentiation?

A

In Extended family Systems Therapy it is a person’s ability to distinguish between his or her own feelings and thoughts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is interpersonal differentiation?

A

In Extended family Systems Therapy it is a person’s ability to separate his or her own emotional and intellectual functioning from the functioning of others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to Extended Family Systems Therapy, what happens when a person has a low level of differentiation?

A

They become “emotionally fused” with other family members.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In Extended Family Systems Therapy, what are emotional triangles?

A
  • when a family dyad experiences tension and recruits a third family member to form an emotional triangle to alleviate tension and increase stability
  • e.g. a husband and wife become overinvolved with their child to reduce the conflict between them
  • the likelihood that an emotional triangle will develop increases as the levels of differentiation of family members decrease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In Extended Family Systems Therapy, what is the family projection process?

A

parents’ projection of their emotional immaturity onto their children, which causes the children to have lower levels of differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In Extended Family Systems Therapy, what is the multigenerational transmission process?

A
  • an extension of the family projection process
  • transmission of emotional immaturity from one generation to the next
  • happens when the child most involved in the family’s emotional system becomes the least differentiated family member and chooses a spouse who also has low differentiation
  • this couple then transmits an even lower level of differentiation to one of its children
  • this process repeats across generations and eventually results in the development of severe symptoms in a child
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the primary goal of Extended Family Systems Therapy?

A

to increase each family member’s differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What strategies are used in Extended Family Systems Therapy?

A
  • constructing a genogram (3 generations min.) to understand intergenerational patterns of functioning
  • ask questions that defuse emotions and help family members identify how they contribute to family problems
  • teach family members how to interact with their families-of-origin in ways that alter triangulated relationships
  • therapists assume the role of coach, stay connected with family members, and remain neutral
  • to reduce emotional reactivity, family members talk directly to the therapist rather than to each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does Structural Family Therapy say about problems?

A

a family member’s symptoms are due to a dysfunctional family structure that causes the family to repeatedly respond inappropriately to developmental and situational stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

According to Structural Family Therapy, what are subsystems?

A
  • smaller units of the entire family system that are responsible for carrying out specific tasks
  • e.g. the parental subsystem consists of family members who are responsible for caring for the children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

According to Structural Family Therapy, what are boundaries?

A
  • implicit and explicit rules that determine the amount of contact that family members have with each other
  • differ in terms of degree of permeability
  • exist on a continuum from overly diffuse (enmeshed relationships) to overly rigid (disengaged relationships)
  • middle ground is clear boundaries that let family members have close relationships while allowing each member to maintain a sense of personal identity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

According to Minuchin, what are the four rigid family triads in Structural Family Therapy?

A
  1. stable coalition: one parent and a child form an inflexible alliance against the other parent
  2. unstable coalition/triangulation: each parent demands the child side with them
  3. detouring-attack coalition: parents avoid the conflict between them by blaming the child for their problems
  4. detouring-support coalition: parents avoid their own conflict by overprotecting the child
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 2 primary goals of Structural Family Therapy?

A
  1. alleviate current symptoms

2. change the family structure by altering coalitions and creating clear boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 3 phases in Structural Family Therapy?

A
  1. Joining
  2. Evaluating
  3. Intervening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What happens in the joining phase of Structural Family Therapy?

A
  • therapist establishes a therapeutic alliance with the family
  • uses mimesis (adopting family’s communication style), tracking (adopting content of family’s communications) and maintanance (providing family members with support)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happens in the evaluating phase of Structural Family Therapy?

A
  • evaluate the family’s structure to make a structural diagnosis
  • construct a family map that depicts the family’s subsystems, boundaries, and other aspects of the family’s structure
  • identify appropriate interventions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What happens in the intervening phase of Structural Family Therapy?

A
  • use interventions to achieve therapy goals

- e.g. reframing, unbalancing, boundary making, and enactment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is reframing in Structural Family Therapy?

A

relabeling a problematic behavior so it can be viewed in a more constructive way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is unbalancing in Structural Family Therapy?

A

the therapist alters hierarchical relationships by aligning with a family member whose level of power needs to be increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is boundary making in Structural Family Therapy?

A

alter the degree of proximity between family members

38
Q

What is enactment making in Structural Family Therapy?

A

asking family members to role-play a problematic interaction so the therapist can obtain information about the interaction and then encourage family members to interact in an alternative way

39
Q

What does Strategic Family Therapy say about problems?

A

power and control are determined primarily by hierarchies within a family and maladaptive family functioning is often related to unclear or inappropriate hierarchies

40
Q

What is the primary goal of Strategic Family Therapy?

A

to alter family interactions that are maintaining its symptoms

41
Q

What are the 4 stages of initial sessions in Strategic Family Therapy?

A
  1. social stage: therapist welcomes family and observes their interactions
  2. problem stage: therapist elicits each family member’s view of the family problem and its causes
  3. interactional stage: therapists observed interactions while family members discuss their different views of the problem
  4. goal-setting stage: therapist helps family members agree on a definition of the problem and concrete therapy goals
42
Q

What are straightforward directives in Strategic Family Therapy?

A

instructions to engage in specific behaviors that will change how family members interact

43
Q

What are paradoxical directives in Strategic Family Therapy?

A

they help family members realize that they have control over problematic behavior or use the resistance of family members to help them change in the desired way

44
Q

What is prescribing the symptom?

A

instructing family members to engage in the problematic behavior, often in an exaggerated way

45
Q

What is restraining?

A

encouraging family members not to change or warning them not to change too quickly

46
Q

What is an ordeal?

A

an unpleasant task that a family member is asked to perform whenever he or she engages in the undesirable behavior

47
Q

What does Systemic Family Therapy say about problems?

A
  • the family as a whole protects itseld from change throgh homeostatic rules and patterns of communication (aka family games)
  • family games associated with problematic behaviors (aka dirty games) are rigid and involve power struggles between family members
48
Q

What is the primary goal of Systemic Family Therapy?

A
  • provide the family with information that challenges family games
  • alter the family rules and communication patterns that are maintaining problematic behavior
  • help family members develop communication patterns that increase the family’s ability to adapt to change
49
Q

What makes Systemic Family Therapy unique?

A
  1. uses a therapeutic team
  2. has 5-part therapy sessions
  3. 4-6 weeks between sessions
50
Q

What are the 5 main strategies used in Systemic Family Therapy?

A
  1. hypothesizing
  2. neutrality
  3. circular questioning
  4. positive connotation
  5. family rituals
51
Q

What is hypothesizing?

A

a continual interactive process of speculating and making assumptions about the family situation

52
Q

What is neutrality?

A

the therapist’s interest in the family’s situation and acceptance of each family member’s perception of the problem

53
Q

What is circular questioning?

A

asking each family member the same question to identify differences in perceptions about events and relationships and uncover family communication patterns

54
Q

What is positive connotation?

A
  • a type of reframing that helps family members view a symptom as beneficial because it maintains the family’s cohesion and well-being
  • purpose is to change the family’s perception of a symptom from an individual family member’s illness to, instead, a behavior that’s voluntarily controlled and well-intentioned and involves the entire family system
55
Q

What are family rituals?

A

activities that are carried out by family members between sessions and are designed to alter problematic family games

56
Q

How does Conjoint Family Therapy explain problems?

A

Family systems seek a state of balance and family problems arise when balance is maintained by unrealistic expectations, inappropriate rules and roles, and dysfunctional communication.

57
Q

What are the 4 dysfunctional communication styles in Conjoint Family Therapy?

A
  1. Placating
  2. Blaming
  3. Computing
  4. Distracting

Prima Ballerina Choreographing a Dance

58
Q

What is placating?

A

agreeing with or capitulating to others due to fear, dependency, and a desire to be loved and accepted

59
Q

What is blaming?

A

accusing, judging, and bullying others to avoid taking responsibility and to hide feelings of vulnerability and worthlessness

60
Q

What is computing?

A

taking an overly intellectual and rational (super-reasonable) approach to avoid becoming emotionally engaged with others

61
Q

What is distracting?

A

changing the subject and making inappropriate jokes to distract attention and avoid conflict

62
Q

_______ or _____ style is a functional style characterized by congruents between verbal and nonverbal messages, directness and authenticity, and emotional engagement with others.

A

Congruent or leveling style is a functional style characterized by congruents between verbal and nonverbal messages, directness and authenticity, and emotional engagement with others.

63
Q

What is the primary goal of Conjoint Family Therapy?

A

enhance the growth potential of family members by increasing their self-esteem, strengthening their problem-solving skills, and helping them communicate congruently

64
Q

What is the most important tool in Congruent Family Therapy according to Satir?

A

the therapist’s “use of the self”

65
Q

What are the 2 main techniques used in Conjoint Family Therapy?

A
  1. family sculpting: having each family member take a turn positioning other family members in ways that depict his/her view of family relationships
  2. family reconstruction: role-playing three generations of the family to explore unresolved family issues and events
66
Q

How does Narrative Family Therapy explain problems?

A

arising from, and being maintained by, oppressive stories which dominate the person’s life and are socially constructed

67
Q

What is the primary goal of Narrative Family Therapy?

A

to replace problem-saturated stories with alternative stories that support more satisfying and preferred outcomes

68
Q

What are the 5 stages of Narrative Family Therapy?

A
  1. Meet family members and get to know them separate from their problems
  2. Listen and identify dominant discourses and unique outcomes (aka sparkling moments)
  3. Externalize the problem
  4. Identify alternative stories and enact preferred narratives
  5. Solidifying by strengthening alternative stories
69
Q

What are the 3 assumptions of Emotionally Focused Therapy?

A
  1. emotions are essential to the organization of attachment behaviors and influence how people experience themselves and their partners in intimate relationships
  2. the attachment needs of partners are essentially healthy and adaptive but problems arise when needs are enacted in the context of attachment-related insecurities
  3. relationship distress is maintained by the ways in which interactions between partners are organized and by the dominant emotional experiences of each partner
70
Q

What is the primary goal of Emotionally Focused Therapy?

A

to expand and restructure the emotional experiences partners have with each other so they can develop new interactional patterns and experience attachment security within their current relationship

71
Q

What are the 3 stages of Emotionally Focused Therapy?

A
  1. assessment and cycle de-escalation
  2. changing interactional positions and creating new bonding events
  3. consolidation and integration
72
Q

What population was Functional Family Therapy developed for?

A

at-risk adolescents (e.g., those who have conduct disorder and/or a substance use disorder) and their families

73
Q

How does Functional Family Therapy explain problems?

A

problematic behaviors within a family serve important relationship functions – i.e., they regulate interpersonal connections and relational hierarchies

74
Q

What is the primary goal of Functional Family Therapy?

A

to replace problematic behaviors with nonproblematic behaviors that fulfill the same relationship functions

75
Q

What are the 3 stages of Functional Family Therapy?

A
  1. Engagement and Motivation
  2. Behavoiur change
  3. Generalization
76
Q

What is the engagement and motivation stage of Functional Family Therapy?

A

Emphasizes:

  • forming a therapeutic alliance with family members
  • helping family members reduce feelings of hopelessness and negativity
  • increasing positive expectations for change
  • developing a family-focused understanding of its presenting problems
  • techniques used include joining and reframing
77
Q

What is the behaviour change stage of Functional Family Therapy?

A
  • identify immediate and long-term behavioral goals
  • implement an individualized treatment plan for the family
  • techniques used include training in parenting, communication, problem-solving, and coping skills
78
Q

What is the generalization change stage of Functional Family Therapy?

A

Focuses on:

  • linking family members to community resources
  • helping the family generalize their acquired skills to new problems and situations
  • identifying ways to avoid relapse
79
Q

What population was Multisystemic Therapy developed for?

A
  • adolescent offenders at risk for out-of-home placement and their families (originally developed for)
  • adolescents with psychiatric disturbances, substance abuse, and childhood maltreatment (adapted for)
80
Q

Multisystemic Therapy is based on ____’s ____ model which views individuals as being embedded in and influenced directly and indirectly by multiple systems. Consequently, it focuses on the specific individual, family, peer, school, and social network variables that contribute to a youth’s presenting problems, and on interactions between these factors linked with the presenting problems.

A

Multisystemic Therapy is based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model which views individuals as being embedded in and influenced directly and indirectly by multiple systems. Consequently, it focuses on the specific individual, family, peer, school, and social network variables that contribute to a youth’s presenting problems, and on interactions between these factors linked with the presenting problems.

81
Q

What modalities does Multisystemic Therapy derive interventions form?

A
  • strategic family therapy
  • structural family therapy
  • behaviour therapy
  • cognitive-behaviour therapy
82
Q

What is the target of Multisystem Family Therapy interventions?

A

the factors that are driving problem behaviors

83
Q

Group therapy is most effective for individuals who are:

A
  • highly motivated
  • active
  • psychologically minded and self-reflective
  • who seize opportunities for self-disclosure within the group
  • who have an adequate capacity for interpersonal relationships
84
Q

Group therapy is contraindicated for individuals who are:

A
  • actively experiencing suicidal ideation
  • delusional and likely to incorporate the group into their delusions
  • pose a threat to group members because they’re unable to control their aggressive impulses
  • have antisocial personality disorder (unless it’s a group specifically for antisocial personality disorder)
85
Q

What is the ideal size of a group for group therapy?

a. 4-5
b. 8-12
c. 7-10
d. 10-12

A

c. 7-10

86
Q

What are the features of closed groups?

A
  • begin with the desired number of members and do not replace drop outs
  • have specific goals
  • meet for a predetermined number of sessions
  • associated with greater group cohesiveness
87
Q

What are the features of open groups?

A
  • maintain the same number of members for their duration by replacing members who drop out
  • have broader goals than closed groups
  • meet indefinitely
  • benefit from the energy and new input provided by new members
88
Q

What happens during the initial orientation, hesitant participation, search for meaning, and dependency stage of group therapy?

A
  • group members are concerned with clarifying the nature and purpose of the group
  • depend on the leader for structure, acceptance, and answers to their questions
  • interactions between members often focus on describing symptoms, previous treatments, and giving and seeking advice
89
Q

What happens during the conflict, dominance, and rebellion stage of group therapy?

A
  • members compete for power and control and attempt to establish a pecking order
  • members tend to be critical of each other
  • some members may become hostile and resentful toward the therapist as they become aware that they’re not going to become the therapist’s “favorite child”
90
Q

What happens during the development of cohesiveness stage of group therapy?

A
  • conflict between group members decreases
  • cohesiveness increases as members begin to trust each other and the therapist
  • members may reveal the real reason why they have come to therapy
  • members may show concern when a member is absent or drops out of therapy
91
Q

Yalom and Leszcz (2005) describe 11 therapeutic factors that are responsible for the effects of group therapy: group _________, instillation of _____, universality, altruism, imparting _________, development of _______ techniques, corrective recapitulation of the primary ______ group, interpersonal learning, imitative _______, catharsis, and _________ factors.

A

Yalom and Leszcz (2005) describe 11 therapeutic factors that are responsible for the effects of group therapy: group cohesiveness, instillation of hope, universality, altruism, imparting information, development of socializing techniques, corrective recapitulation of the primary family group, interpersonal learning, imitative behavior, catharsis, and existential factors.

92
Q

Of these factors, _____________ is considered to be the analogue of the therapeutic alliance in individual therapy, is viewed as a precondition for the other therapeutic factors, and has been most consistently found to be a strong predictor of positive group therapy outcomes.

A

group cohesiveness

EPPP - Clinical Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions