Family Life & Interpersonal Relationships Flashcards
Instrumental and Terminal Values
Instrumental: a way of thinking that an indiv. values BEING
Terminal: goals/ideals a person works towards ATTAINING
Emotional intelligence
self awareness altruism motivation empathy ability to love/be loved
Self esteem
Largely determined in childhood
Can boost by positive talk and positive thinking
Refusal skills
Learning how to say “NO”
“I” Message
Acknowledging that individual controls own response
Gender diff
Women: taste, smell, hearing
Men: vision
Women: fine motor skills
Men: brute strength
Nature/nurture both create diff
Chemical love
Amphetamine like responses come from:
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Phenylethylamine
Anthropological love
Propagation oriented. Romance wanes after 4 years, enough time to have and raise an infant.
Piaget’s stages of Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor stage, birth-2. Develops sense organs, learns objects exist out of sight
- Preoperational stage, 2-7. Sympathy develops. Ability to imagine mental lives of others.
- Concrete Operational stage, 7-12. Develops cognitive structures, including rule of conservation (volume does not change with shape)
- Formal Operational stage, 12-onward. Abstract thought, theory rather than empirical knowledge, is developed.
Infancy stage
Birth - 2
social attachment
basic motor skills
notions of cause/effect
Toddler stage
2-4
Language devel
fantasy and play
improvement in self control
Middle school stage
5-12 cooperation morals gender roles basic skills Awareness of place in world
Adolescence
12-22
Sexuality
Peers over family
Independence and personal identity
Young adult
23-30
Marriage, perhaps Family, and Career establishment
Middle adult
31-50
Household maintenance
Child rearing
Career Advancement
Later adult
51-death
Accept events of life
Develop healthy perspective on life and death
Redirect personal energy to new roles and responsibilities
Marriage stats
90%+ of Americans will marry
Most fights are about money or sex
Traditional Marriage
Conform to prescribed marial roles
Companion-oriented marriage
Partnership and rewards of love more important than marital roles
Heath and marriage
Married people: more money, sex, better health
Men live longer, lower rates of alcohol abuse and depression
Women’s wages go down
Divorce
US has highest rate of divorce
Divorced people more likely to marry again than singles
Effect on children is enormous, but does not affect academics.
After birth of child, marital satisfaction declines
Divorce rate rises after children
Puberty
Pituitary gland releases gonadotropins, which stimulate production of sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone
Hormone system
Endocrine system. Hypothalamus sends message to pituitary, which turns off and on glands that produce hormones. Hormones carried to target via bloodstream
Prostate cancer
More likely in African Americans
Bisexuality
Twice as many bisexuals as homosexuals. Highest proportion are married males having secret male lovers.
Male Sexual Anatomy
penis, scrotum, testes
Sperm sotred in Epididymis
Inside penis: 2 corpora cavernosa, 1 corpora spongiosum
Urethra transports urine and semen
Vas deferens carry sperm from epididymis to urethra
Seminal vesicles and vas deferens = ejaculatory ducts
Cowper’s glands secrete fluid during arousal, may carry sperm
Female Pain during Sex
Dyspaurenia. Extreme form is Vaginismus. Can be anxiety caused.
Teen sex stats
1 in 4 experience same-sex attraction
US has higher rate of pregnancy
High Risk Sexual Behavior in Teens
40% did not use a condom 1 in 5 drank or took drugs before sex 18% of all new HIV diag are 13-24 yrs Highest rates of STDs of any group 3 in 10 become pregnant before 20
Effective school-based HIV/STD prevention programs:
- -delivered by trained instructors;
- -are age-appropriate;
- -include such components as skill-building lessons,
- -support of healthy behaviors in school environments,
- –involvement of parents, youth-serving organizations, and health organizations
Youth asset-development programs
Teach youth how to solve problems, communicate, engage in healthy behaviors
DASH
Division of Adolescent and School Health
HIV prevention curriculum: medically accurate, teach refusal and negotiation skills
Help communities collect and analyze data
Provide professional development to teachers
Ensure safe and supportive school climates
Links to community based health services
Successful programs to reduce risk:
Provide medically accurate and up to date info
Link to community services
Data collection
Help create safe environment
Teach communication skills
Help students access information
Involve all stakeholders
Provide professional development for teachers
Provide safe school climate that increase student engagement, reduce discrimination, bullying, isolation
Provide equity in educating students
Tactics and strategies
Encourage abstinence or delay of sexual activity
Provide accurate info for those who choose to engage
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
System of national, state, and large urban school district surveys of representative samples of high school students. Conducted every two years, these surveys monitor health risk behaviors
- -Tobacco
- -alcohol and drugs
- -sex
- behaviors that contribute to accident and injury
- -inadequate physical activity
- -unhealthy diet
- -obesity and asthma
School Health Policies and Practices Study and
School Health Profiles
Two surveys that enable DASH to monitor the extent to which different states and cities, and the nation as a whole, are implementing practices shown to
be effective at preventing sexual risk behaviors.
Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool
Integrates research findings and national health education standards to help school districts select or develop health education curricula that are most likely to reduce sexual risk behaviors
The California School Climate, Health, and Learning Survey (CAL-SCHLS) System
- California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS)
- California Schools Climate Survey (CSCS)
- California Schools Parent Survey (CSPS)
Internal & External Peer Pressure
Internal: Pressure from within. The desire to fit in, the mistaken impression that everyone is doing it, the desire to win over a romantic interest.
External: direct pressure from peers, threats of withholding friendship, the offer of friendship, the promise to do things together, etc
Conflict Resolution
- Win win: both are satisfied–partnership work rather than opponents
- Peer Mediation–3rd party intervention and facilitation
- Active listening and say back
- Restorative approaches
More conflict Resolution
- Setting ground rules.
- Listening.
- Finding common interests.
- Brainstorming possible solutions
- Discussing each person’s view of the proposed solutions.
- Negotiate and try to reach a compromise that is acceptable to everyone involved.
