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Sociology P2 - Families & Households > Family diversity- other types > Flashcards

Family diversity- other types Flashcards

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1
Q

What is The Rapoport’s study?

A

5 way in which the family can be diverse
Extent of family diversity in the UK
1- Organisational diversity
2- Class diversity
3- Cultural diversity
4- Life-cycle diversity
5- Cohort

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2
Q

What is organisational diversity?

A

Variations in family structure, household type, patterns of kinship network, differences within the home
- dual-worker, conventional family, on-parent family

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3
Q

What is class diversity?

A

Differences between MC and WC families in terms of relationships between adults, the way in which children are socialised
MC- less involved in childcare
WC- relatives care/traditional

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4
Q

What is cultural diversity?

A

Differences in lifestyle of different ethnic origins and religious belief
SA- patriarchal, extended
C- matrifocal, lone parent, marriage less value

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5
Q

What is life-cycle diversity?

A

Differences that result from the stage in the life cycle
- newly married without children different family life from those with dependent children/children who have achieved adult status
(Kippers/clipped wing generation)

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6
Q

What is cohort diversity?

A

Period at which the family has passed through different stages of the lifecycle
Cohort affects the life experiences of the family
- 1980s labour market, high unemployment, children dependent on adults for longer
- cost of living crisis, children stay at home for longer

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7
Q

Locality and Families
Eversley and Bonnerjea

A

Identified 6 kinds of areas associated with characteristic types of families and households
1- The ‘sun belt’
2- The ‘geriatric wards’
3- Older declining industrial areas
4- Newly declining industrial areas
5- Truly rural areas
6- Inner city areas

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8
Q

What are the sun belt areas?

A

There is an overrepresentation of higher social classes, owner-occupiers and to parent households

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9
Q

What are geriatric ward areas?

A

Many coastal areas of England and Wales
Elderly 1 to 2 person households often living quite far away from relatives

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10
Q

What are older declining industrial areas?

A

Found in former iron, coal, steel, shipbuilding etc areas
- Stable family households, strong neighbourhood/family loyalties
- very patriarchal

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11
Q

What are newly declining industrial areas?

A

Once prosperous areas that now face high levels of unemployment amongst older workers
- lots of young migrants, with little extended family connections
Mainly Midlands

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12
Q

What are truly rural areas?

A

Not many have survived, most have been invaded by commuters
- farms and family businesses remain important
- create strong kinship networks
- few women in paid employment

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13
Q

What are inner city areas?

A

High social deprivation, high immigrant population
- lone-parent households are common
- isolated from family networks
- young people (students), homeless people and ethnic minorities

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14
Q

What is an example of a geriatric ward areas in the UK?

A

Christchurch- 7 in 10 people are over 60 meaning there are huge strains in medical care e.g. Southport

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15
Q

Singlehood

A

The biggest groups of people living alone today in the UK are elderly (mainly women)
and people in the 25-44 age group (mainly males)

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16
Q

Why are elderly women more likely to experience singlehood?

A
  • have a higher life expectancy
  • decline in extended kin, live on their own
  • ageing population
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17
Q

Why are young males 25-44 more likely to experience singlehood?

A
  • less women interested in marriage and career focused
  • make families much later
  • geographical mobility/flexibility
  • rise in LATs
  • divorce/separation
  • growing individualisation
  • less social stigma ‘left on the shelf’
  • decline in marriage
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18
Q

What is a beanpole family?

A

Multiple generation families with few children being born in each generation

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19
Q

Why is it called a beanpole family?

A

A long, thin chain family as generations live longer and more alive at the same time

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20
Q

What are the reasons for a rise in the beanpole family?

A
  • longer life expectancy
  • people only have 1 child or none
  • people are more like to be in their 80s or 90s
  • lower birth/fertility rate
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21
Q

What is a neo conventional nuclear family?

A

Recreate traditional nuclear family with 2 parents and children, may not be ‘traditional’

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22
Q

What does a neo-conventional family mean?

A
  • man stays at home, looks after children
  • same-sex couple with child
  • reconstituted
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23
Q

What is a cereal packet family/privatised nuclear family/monogamous nuclear family?

A

A family seen as ideal by NR and functionalists
Involves 2 parents of opposite genders married with children

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24
Q

What are trends showing about the cereal packet family/privatised nuclear family/monogamous nuclear family?

A

Fewer people live in this type of household than in the recent past, still most common
- most people live in this at least once during their lifecycle
- privatised families are usually more isolated from extended realtives

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25
Q

What is an extended family?

A

A family with relatives beyond the nuclear unit e.g. grandparents, aunties etc

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26
Q

What are the trends of extended familie?

A

Found in some traditional WC communities and ethnic minority cultures

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27
Q

What is the modified extended family?

A

More common family type today
- nuclear family that maintains strong kinship ties with extended relatives however they do not live with them and may stay in touch via technology

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28
Q

What are trends of the modified extended family?

A

Increasing as people rely on the support of their extended relative for childcare or financial help
- technological age means it is easier to communicate without pol in the same area
- travel is also easier

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29
Q

What is the reconstituted/step/blended family?

A

A family which contains a couple where at least one of them has children from a previous relationship

30
Q

What are trends of the reconstituted/step/blended family?

A

Increasing as a result of more separation and divorce

31
Q

What is a single/lone-parent family?

A

A person living alone with no partner in a household with their children

32
Q

What is the trend of single/lone-parent families?

A

Increasing as a result of divorce as well as women choosing to have children alone without starting or continuing a relationship with the father (not as common)
- possible due to greater financial independence of women

33
Q

What is a one person household ‘singlehood’?

A

More likely to be people 25-44 young males or elderly people (more females) living alone

34
Q

What are the trends of one person household ‘singlehood’?

A

More common as a result of higher life expectancy and women valuing marriage and family les
- represents greater individualism
- young adults delaying settling down, work commitments

35
Q

What are families of choice/chosen families?

A

Non-biological kinship/bond close enough to consider as family even though they aren’t related

36
Q

What are the trends of choice/chosen families?

A
  • increase in choosing a living arrangement that suits them as they no longer feel the need to conform to society’s expectations of family life
37
Q

What are communes?

A

People living in groups where resources and accommodation are shared
- may not have conventional relationship
- may have more than one ‘partner’
Childcare and other responsibilites are shared

38
Q

What are the trends in communes?

A

Not as common due to the stigma surrounding them
Kibbutz is a well known popular commune in Palestine

39
Q

What is serial monogamy?

A

A series of monogamous relationships involving divorce and re-marriage

40
Q

What are the trends in serial monogamy?

A

Much more common
- people value marriage and have higher expectations of relationships than in the past
- would not stay together for the sake of the children or society’s expectations
- some argue it shoes they value marriage less

41
Q

What is a cohabiting couple?

A

A couple living together in a relationship but not legally married, could go on to have children which is much more common today

42
Q

What are the trends in cohabiting couples?

A

Increasing, people choose to test before marriage

43
Q

What is an arranged marriage?

A

A marriage planned/agreed by families/guardians of the couples rather than the couples themselves

44
Q

What are the trends in arranged marriages?

A

Still common in South Asian cultures, although younger generations are more likely to have a say in this decision than in the past

45
Q

What is a same-sex marriage?

A

A same sex couple/legal partnership who can now legally marry
- may choose to have children through surrogacy or adoption or may have childWren from previous relationships

46
Q

What are the trends in same sex marriage?

A

Increasing as it is more widely accepted and have laws such as Civil Partnership Act to legally recognise as a couple

47
Q

What are LATs?

A

Couples who are in a committed, intimate relationship with each other without cohabitating

48
Q

What are the trends in LATs?

A

Increasing as people want to leave settling down until later in life
- this family type is also caused by separation and divorce as a divorced person may not want to rush into living with a new partner straight away, or may enjoy their independence

49
Q

What are Kipper, clipped wing generation, adult kids?

A

Kipper- Kids in parents pockets
- describe young adults who have finished their education and are in work but may not be financially independent enough to live alone, therefore return to their parents

50
Q

What are the trend in Kipper, clipped wing generation, adult kids?

A

Increase due to cost of living crisis as young adults cannot afford to move out at an earlier age

51
Q

What is social class diversity?

A

Refers to the way families may vary in structure and lifestyle depending on their social class

52
Q

What are the trends in social class diversity?

A

Traditional WC extended families are decreasing while the modified extended and privatised nuclear families are increasing as people experience more social mobility

53
Q

What is cultural/ethnic diversity?

A

Refers to the way that families may vary in structure and lifestyle depending on their religion and beliefs

54
Q

What are the trends in cultural/ethnic diversity?

A

As immigration increases we are seeing increasingly diverse family types
- increasing SA community has meant a return to traditional extended families which have declined amongst the white population

55
Q

What is cohort diversity?

A

Refers to time periods at which the family has passed through different stages of their life cycle

56
Q

What are the trends in cohort diversity?

A

Affects the life experiences of the family
- children live with their parents for longer due to financial struggle

57
Q

What is organisational diversity?

A

There are variations in family structure, household type, patterns of kinship network, and differences within the home

58
Q

What are the trends in organisational diversity?

A

There are differences between conventional families, one parent families, and dual worker families in which husband and wife both work

59
Q

What is regional diversity?

A

Refers to the way families vary due to location
e.g. geriatric wards in coastal resorts in the UK

60
Q

What are the trends in regional diversity?

A

Inner cities become increasingly lone parent, ethnic minorities, singletons and students, whilst the suburbs continues to be more commonly nuclear families

61
Q

What is the beanpole family?

A

Describes the way that family trees are now more long and thin as a result of higher life expectancy and people having less children in each generation

62
Q

What are the trends in beanpole families?

A

Increasing as people have less children or none at all meaning the family tree becomes lone and thin

63
Q

What is the neo-conventional nuclear family?

A

Describes a nuclear family unit (parents and children) although they are not traditional
e.g. same sex couples, female breadwinner household, reconstituted family

64
Q

What are the trends in neo conventional nuclear family?

A

Increasing because there are less social stigmas around the ideal family type

65
Q

What is empty nest?

A

Household where there is a couple who had children but they have now left home

66
Q

What are the trends in empty nest households?

A

Less common as their wings are clipped due to financial issues, more likely to stay at home for longer

67
Q

What is an empty shell household?

A

Couples still living together for the sake of the children etc but live completely separate lives

68
Q

What are trends in an empty shell household?

A

Less common as people are less likely to stay with their partners for the sake of society, extended relatives or children
- people may move on to find a better relationship

69
Q

What is life cycle diversity?

A

Describes the way that family type is not static
- a person can expects to live in a variety of living arrangements throughout their life cycle

70
Q

What are the trends in life cycle diversity?

A

People no longer follow traditional paths/routes so there is more life cycle diversity

Sociology P2 - Families & Households (18 decks)

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