Demography- Migration and globalisation Flashcards
What is an asylum seeker?
Someone who says they are a refugee, but whose claim has not yet been definitively evaluated
What is common wealth?
A voluntary group of independent countries, some of which were former British colonies
What is an economic migrant?
A person who travels from one country or area to another in order to improve their standard of living
What is the European union?
A group of countries which work together in fields such as the environment, social issues, the economy and trade
What is a refugee?
A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disaster
What is emigration?
Leaving your homeland to live in another country
What is immigration?
Coming to another country to live there
What is migration?
The movement of one place to another
What is the percentage of white ethnicities in the population?
81%
What is the percentage of ethnic minority groups in the UK
19%
What does Vertovec believe?
Because of globalisation we now have a ‘super diversity’ as migrants come from a much wider range of countries rather than just a narrow range of former British colonies
Migration
Many factors contribute to the changing ethnic composition
-ageing, fertility, mortality, migration
- changes in the way people self-identify between censuses
What has the population been projected to grow by?
3.9 million
- negative natural change
(more deaths than births)
- more people entering the country (migration) than leaving (emigrating)
What are some migration push factors?
X war
X corruption
X high crime
X poverty
X family conflict
X discrimination
X lack of services/safety
X low employment/financial
X natural disaster
X poor healthcare
What are some migration pull factors?
- job opportunities (high employment)
- better education/healthcare
- higher living standards
- NHS
- fertile land
- safety/values/culture
- politics/democracy
- cheaper/economically stable
- family
What is happening to NET migration?
It is increasing as
positive- more people coming in
negative- more people leaving
How do you calculate NET migration?
total immigration - total emigration
Patterns in migration
1950s- South Asian and Caribbean encouraged to come to help rebuild the country after the war
2002 & 2007- NET reached its peak from countries that joined the EU
(Hungary, Poland)
What has the impact of legislation had on immigration/emigration?
1960- restricted immigration from SA and the Carib
1999- Immigration and Asylum act, tougher for asylum seekers to settle in the UK
2008- Polish workers originally came to the UK because of the booming economy, returned once theirs started to recover
What is Brexit?
Leaving the EU
What is the immigration points system?
Makes it harder for people to migrate as they require specific skills and circumstances in order for them to migrate into the country legally
- job offer from approved employer
- able to speak English
- better qualifications
What is globalisation?
The creation of one world culture
- happening due to the developments in technology and world travel
‘one world society’
What is one negative consequence of globalisation?
Human trafficking
500,000-800,000 undocumented workers (illegal immigrants)
illegal transportation
What is human trafficking?
The movement of a person from one place to another int0 conditions of exploitation using the advantage of power, deception or vulnerability
What are some reasons for people being trafficked?
- sexual exploitation
- forced labour
- domestic servitude
- organ harvesting
- child trafficking
Why do people refer to it as a form of modern day slavery?
People are being held against their will and forced to carry out tasks/acts that they did not consent to
- lack of/no freedom
How does human trafficking impact family life?
It splits them up, those who cannot legally live in the country will be taken advantage of their vulnerability
- trick these people into giving them their passports, work for them
Emotional strain
- separation, people unaware at home n don’t know where they are
Relationships within family
- domestic servitude, nanny looks after children, W free
What impact has globalisation and immigration had on birth and fertility?
- value marriage and children more, X use contraception
- increase in UK birth rate as migrant women are more likely to have larger families
- female migrants usually younger, more likely to start a family
What impact has globalisation and migration had on family diversity?
Caribbean- lone parent families, less marriage, MATRIFOCAL
SA families are nuclear, high proportion of multigenerational households (extended families)
- marriage more common, W housewife role, duty of care to extended relatives
What does Victor say about the impact globalisation and migration had on family diversity?
Elderly are less sure they will be cared for by their children
What is the feminisation of migration?
Increase in the number of women migrating 1/2 are women
What do Ehrenreich and Hochschild say about the feminisation of migration?
Claim care work, domestic work and sex work in the UK and USA is increasingly done by women from poorer countries
- transference of emotional labour
Reasons for the feminisation of migration?
1) more service sector jobs which increasing employ women
2) Western women are in the workforce and have less time for domestic work
3) a lack of adequate affordable state childcare
What is a global transfer of emotional labour?
Migrant nannies providing care ad affection for their employer’s children at the expense of their own
- form a strong relationship, more than parent or their own child
What are other consequences of increasing globalisation and migration on the family?
- Labour saving devices (technology)
- shared households of colleagues (accommodation)
- one person households less likely, LATs increase
Breaking up of families
Strict rules about immigrants bringing family members to the UK
- minimum income requirement must be met before family members can join workers in the UK
Outline and explain different points to be made
- feminisation of migration
- increase in LATs
- more choice of family structure
- technological developments
- greater acceptance of alternative living arrangements (same sex) (material monogamy)
Outline and Explain 2 ways globalisation has impacted on experiences in family life in the UK
P1- Increased cultural diversity leading to changes in birth rate
E- different values on marriage and family, W larger families, younger
E/L- SA culture housewife role, larger family sizes
?/
P2- Feminisation of migration leading to global transfer of emotional labour
E- W trafficked, used as domestic servitude, close relationship with employer’s child , closer than parent n their won children
E/L- Ehrenreich and Hochschild, W from poorer countries to care and domestic work, build closer bong with child, mother doesn’t have time
