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Sociology > Family - Couples - 2.2 > Flashcards

Family - Couples - 2.2 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Conjugal Roles (Key Studies)

A

> Parsons (Functionalism & Conjugal Roles)

> Bott (Segregated Roles & Joint Conjugal Roles)

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2
Q

Parsons (Functionalism & Conjugal Roles)

A

> Men and women have different roles based on biological differences e.g instrumental/ expressive - clear division of labour

> Sexes are naturally suited to these roles, it is the best way of organising family life, functional & beneficial (New Right agrees)

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3
Q

A03 Functionalist - Conjugal Roles (Key Study)

A

> Young & Wilmott

> Feminism

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4
Q

Young & Wilmott (A03 Functionalist - Conjugal Roles)

A

Men & women now have equal roles

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5
Q

Feminism (A03 Functionalist - Conjugal Roles)

A

Segregated conjugal roles are not natural/ biologically based

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6
Q

Bott’s two conjugal roles

A

> Segregated Conjugal Roles: Functionalist View

> Joint Conjugal Roles: Share roles & leisure time

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7
Q

Has the division of labour become more equal? (Key Studies)

A

> Oakley (Exaggeration of Men’s Contribution)

> British Social Attitudes Survey (Inequality in Domestic Work)

> Bell (Unemployed Men)

> Dunscombe & Marsden (Dual Burden)

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8
Q

Young & Wilmott (Symmetrical Families)

A

> Less patriarchy, greater equality, democratic, flexible roles

> Women work full time, men help with housework/childcare, spend leisure time together

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9
Q

Factors Leading to symmetrical families

A

> Improved Living Standards
Commercialisation of domestic labour
Economically active women

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10
Q

Factors Leading to symmetrical families

A
  • Less pressure to conform to traditional roles, men encouraged to view women as equals
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11
Q

Improved Living Standards - Factors Leading to symmetrical families

A

> We have modern technology (automatic washing machines etc) so chores easier to do/no burden, availability only to middle classes

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12
Q

Commercialisation of domestic labour - Factors leading to symmetrical families

A

> Increase in the domestic labour industry (cleaners, ironing services etc), increase in families hiring maids.

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13
Q

Economically Active Women- Factors Leading to symmetrical families

A

> Women are at work, so men help around the house so chores are done.

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14
Q

Sullivan (March Of Progress View)

A

> Women do less domestic work, men do more traditionally ‘female’ tasks & couples have a more equal division of labour

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15
Q

Inequality in the domestic division of labour (Key studies)

A

> Oakley (Rejection of March of progress view)

> British Social Attitudes Survey (Inequality in domestic work)

> Dunscombe & Marsden (Triple Shift)

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16
Q

Oakley (Rejection of march of progress view)

A

> Families are still patriarchal & do women do more housework, now have triple shift so situation has got worse for women

> Men’s contributions are exaggerated, they do help but only ironing a shirt once a week

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17
Q

British Social Attitudes Survey (Inequality in domestic work)

A

> Women do twice as much work & couples still divide tasks with the traditional domestic division of labour.

18
Q

Morley & Bell (Unemployed M, Views of Home)

A

> Even unemployed men resist doing domestic work

> Women saw home as place of work, men as a place of leisure

19
Q

Dunscombe & Marsden (Triple Shift)

A

> No longer Dual Burden, but Triple Shift (Housework, paid work, emotion work)

20
Q

Childcare & Quality Time (Key Studies)

A

> Boulton (Wife Responsible for Childcare)
Braun et al (Provider Ideology)
Dex and Ward (Caring for a Sick Child)
Southerton (Quality Time)

21
Q

Boulton (Wife Responsible for Childcare)

A

> Women are responsible for childcare, even when men help.

> Less than ⅕ had major role in childcare.

22
Q

Braun et al, Dex & Ward (Provider Ideology)

A

> Most men are background fathers, with a provider ideology, role as breadwinner, not primary carer.

> Only 1% of men took responsibility for a sick child.

23
Q

Southerton (Quality Time)

A

> Women are responsible for managing family quality time

> In late modernity, 24/7 society & flexible working so people’s time is more fragmented & deroutinised.

> Women do childcare & multitask during leisure time, men have consolidated uninterrupted blocks of leisure time

24
Q

Reasons for Gender Division of Labour (Key Studies)

A

> Crompton & Lyonette’s (2 Reasons for Gender Division of Labour)

> Gershuny (Couples Adapting)

> Kan (Impact of Women’s Wage on Dom Labour)

> Radical Feminist (View on Heterosexual Relationships)

> Dunne (Same Sex Couples and Gender Scripts)

> Weeks and Smart (Same Sex Couples and Gender Scripts)

25
Q

Two reasons for the gendered division of labour (Crompton & Lyonette’s)

A

> Cultural & Ideological

> Economic

26
Q

Cultural & Ideological - 2 Reasons for gendered division of labour (Crompton and Lyonette)

A

> Patriarchy shape gender roles, women do more as society expects them to & they are socialised to do this.

> Equality will only happen when attitudes, norms & socialisation change

> Kan found young men do more domestic work, highlighting a generational shift

27
Q

Gershuny (Couples Adapting) - Two Reasons for Crompton & Lyonette’s gendered division of labour

A

Couples adapted to women working full-time, so new norm of men doing more domestic work.

28
Q

Economic - Two reasons for Crompton & Lyonette’s gendered division of labour

A

> Economically rational for women to do more domestic labour, while men spend time getting more money, due to the differences in earnings (gender pay gap)

> Equality only occurs when women get similar pay to men - e.g. Kan links increased earnings for women with a reduction in housework

29
Q

Radical Feminist (Views on Heterosexual Relationships)

A

> Patriarchal & unequal even when women work

30
Q

Dunne (Same Sex Couples and Gender Scripts) - Supporting Radical Feminism

A

> Lesbian couples with children, had greater equality in the division of labour

> Heterosexuals are socialised into gender scripts with different male and female roles, this is linked with domestic tasks.

> Lesbians didn’t link domestic tasks to gender scripts with more negotiation and equality, but there was not equality in the division of labour if the couple had unequal earnings

31
Q

Resource & Decision Making (Key Studies)

A

> Barrett & McIntosh (Inequality between amount of domestic work completed versus financial support received)

> Kempson (Struggle of working class women)

> Pahl and Vogler (Money Management)

> Edgell (Men’s decision making power in middle class relationships)

> Smart (Personal Life Perspective on Money in LGBT Couples)

32
Q

Barrett & McIntosh (Inequality between women’s domestic work & men’s financial support)

A

> Men get more from women’s domestic work than is returned in financial support with strings attached

33
Q

Kempson (Struggle of working class women)

A

> Denied own needs, don’t go out, eat less portions of food

> To make ends meet, as money seen as family money.

34
Q

Pahl & Vogler (Money Management) - Two Controls over money

A
  • Pooling

- Allowance System

35
Q

Pooling - Pahl & Vogler (Money Management)

A

> Men and women both have equal access to income with responsibility for expenses, increased equality in decision making & resources

> When both work full time, greater equality in money management

> But men still make major decisions, due to increased earnings.

36
Q

Allowance System - Pahl & Vogler (Money Management)

A

> Men give women an allowance to meet family’s needs, excess kept for him. (This arrangement is declining)

37
Q

A03 Criticisms of Pahl & Vogler (Key Study)

A

> Feminists (Decision Making not Linked with Money)

38
Q

Feminists (Decision Making not Linked with Money) - A03 Criticisms of Pahl &Vogler

A

Decision making not about money but patriarchal society & socialization

39
Q

Edgell (Men’s decision making power in middle class relationships)

A

> Decisions made by women - kids clothes, food.

> Decisions on finances moving house made either jointly or alone but with M having final say

40
Q

Smart (Personal Life Perspective on Money in LGBT Couples)

A

> LGBT’s uncorned with control over money - they are fine giving responsibility to partners, not seen as inequality, free to chose

> Don’t have relationships with heterosexual baggage of seeing money as source of power.

Sociology (27 decks)

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