FAM practical final

Question 1

What blocks will block the eyelids?

Answer 1

*auriculopalpebral block (which is a branch of facial nerve aka CN 7)

Question 2

What blocks will block the globe of the eye?

Answer 2

*Retrobulbar block aka 4 point retrobulbar block
*Peterson’s block (CN 3-6)

Question 3

Auriculopalpebral block

Answer 3

halfway between the base of the ear and the lateral canthus

Question 4

What are the landmarks for a cornual block? What nerve does it block?

Answer 4

halfway between lateral canthus and base of the horn just beneath the frontal crest

blocks the cornual br of lacrimal nerve

Question 5

What equipment do you need to perform a cornual nerve block on an adult cow?

Answer 5

18G 1.5in needle, 20ml 2% lidocaine

used for dehorning

Question 6

What are the landmarks for a proximal paravertebral block and what nerves does it block?

Answer 6

landmarks: cr edge of L1, L2, & L3

blocks T13, L1, & L2 to anesthetize the paralumbar fossa

use 60ml of 2% lidocaine

Question 7

What are the landmarks for a distal paravertebral block and what nerves does it block?

Answer 7

landmarks: transverse process of L1, L2, & L4

blocks T13, L1, & L2 to anesthetize the paralumbar fossa

use 90ml of 2% lidcaine using 30ml at each site

Question 8

How do you determine if a paravertebral block was successful?

Answer 8

pain sensation,
blocked area feels warmer to the touch (vasodilation),
scoliosis (unilateral muscle relaxation)

Question 9

What are the landmarks for an inverted L block and how is it performed?

Answer 9

landmarks: cr & dorsal to proposed incision

use up to 100ml of 2% lidocaine in multiple infusion sites b/w the 13th rib & tuber coxae

Question 10

What is one drawback to using an inverted L block technique?

Answer 10

peritoneum may not be blocked

Question 11

What are the landmarks of a Peterson block? What nerves does it block?

Answer 11

insert needle just caudal to jxn of supraorbital process & zyomatic arch, advance ventromedially. Inject at back of globe (foramen orbitorotundum & optic nerve)

blocks CN 3-6
blocks motor and sensory of the globe

Question 12

What equipment do you need to perform a Peterson block on an adult cow?

Answer 12

curved spinal needle, 25ml 2% lidocaine

Question 13

What are the landmarks for an auriculopalpebral/ring block? What nerves does it block?

Answer 13

halfway b/w base of the ear and the lateral canthus, palpate superficial temporal vessels as they cross dorsally over the zyomatic arch

blocks auriculopalberal (br of CN 7) for anesthesia of the eyelids

Question 14

What equipment do you need to perform an auriculopalpebral block on an adult cow?

Answer 14

18g 1.5in needle w/ 5-10ml of 2% lidocaine

Question 15

What are the landmarks of a retrobulbar block? What nerves does it block?

Answer 15

use finger to protect globe & direct needle to caudal aspect of eye using bony orbit as a guide

4-point retrobulbar = 5-10ml at 12, 3, 6, & 9 o’clock around globe

provides anesthesia of the globe for enucleation/corneal procedures & prevents movement of globe by blocking CN 2, 3, & 6

Question 16

What equipment is needed for a retrobulbar block?

Answer 16

18g 1.5in needle w/ 5-10ml 2% lidocaine at each site

Question 17

When is an epidural indicated?

Answer 17

dystocia, vaginal prolapse, etc

dose = 1ml/200# 2% lidocainel; large vol dose = 1ml/20#

Question 18

Explain how to perform a caudal epidural.

Answer 18

landmark = first moveable joint/sarcral-coccgyeal joint/Cx1-Cx2 space

clip & prep area,
insert 18g 1.5in needle thorugh the skin on dorsal midline in middle of the last moveable joint,
angle needle perpendicular to 45 degrees in relation to spine,
apply a hanging drop to the needle hub,
once in epidural space the drop should be sucked in

Question 19

How can you tell if the caudal epidural was successful?

Answer 19

tail becomes limp & easily manipulated

Question 20

What is the landmark for a Bier block? How do you perform this block?

Answer 20

lankdmarks: dorsal common digital vein

apply tourniquet, use a butterfly catheter to push 20-25cc of 2% lidocaine

Question 21

What does the pudendal block provide anesthesia for? What nerve does it block

Answer 21

provides anesthesia to penis, prepuce, strotum, testes, & retractor muscle, used for circumcision, uterine, or vaginal prolapse

blocks internal pudendal nerve bilaterally

Question 22

.

Answer 22

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Question 23

You are concerned about bloat in a 5yr Brangus that presents to you today. How would you pass a Frick speculum to determine this?

Answer 23

introduce into the interdental space & pass caudally b/w molars & over the base of the tongue

Question 24

What are the landmarks for inj in an adult cow following BQA guidelines?

Answer 24

cranial border of scapula, nuchal lig, & cervical spine

Question 25

Normal cow vitals?

Answer 25

T: 100.5-102.5
P: 60-80
R: 15-45
1-2 rumen contractions/minute

Question 26

What are common guidelines for injections in cattle?

Answer 26

all SQ/IM prod are given in the neck - NO BUTTS,
no more than 10ml/site,
give inj about a hand’s width b/w each site,
use an 18g 1/2-3/4in needle

Question 27

On PE you hear a ping on the left side of the abdomen between the 10th & 13th rib. What does this indicate

Answer 27

LDA

Question 28

On PE you hear a ping over the left paralumbar fossa. What does this indicate

Answer 28

rumen - anorexia/absence of fiber mat

Question 29

On PE you hear a ping on the right side b/w the 10th & 13th rib. What does this indicate?

Answer 29

RDA

Question 30

On PE you hear a ping on the right side that extends cranial to the 10th rib and caudal to the 13th rib. What does this indicate?

Answer 30

AV

Question 31

You hear a ping over the center of the right paralumbar fossa during your PE. What anatomical strucutre needs to be futher examined due to this?

Answer 31

Spiral colon

Question 32

You hear a ping over the caudodorsal area of the right paralumbar fossa. What anatomical structure needs to be further evaluated

Answer 32

cecum