facts for cardio exam 1

Question 1

name some drugs associated with hypertension

Answer 1

amphetamines, corticosteroids, cocaine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, decongestants, NSAIDs, antivascular endothelin growth factor agents, nicotine withdrawal, herbal ecstasy, ergot alkaloids, estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids, abrupt DC of centrally acting alpha agonists, bupropion, narcotic withdrawal, abrupt DC of beta blockers

Question 2

normal bp

Answer 2

systolic <120, diastolic <80

Question 3

elevated bp

Answer 3

systolic 120-129, diastolic <80

Question 4

hypertension stage 1

Answer 4

systolic 130-139, diastolic 80-89

Question 5

hypertension stage 2

Answer 5

systolic 140+, diastolic 90+

Question 6

hypertensive crisis

Answer 6

systolic 180+, diastolic 120+

Question 7

target organ damage in the heart

Answer 7

left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure

Question 8

target organ damage for the brain

Answer 8

stroke, transient ischemic attack

Question 9

target organ damage for the kidney

Answer 9

chronic kidney disease

Question 10

target organ damage for the vasculature

Answer 10

peripheral arterial disease

Question 11

target organ damage for the eyes

Answer 11

retinopathy

Question 12

what should you prescribe for stage 1 hypertension w/ clinical ASCVD, diabetes, CKD, or 10 yr ASCVD risk >10

Answer 12

monotherapy w/ ace, arb, ccb, or thiazide

Question 13

what should you prescribe for stage 2 hypertension

Answer 13

two drug combo: acei or arb with a CCB or thiazide

Question 14

what is the dose for hctz

Answer 14

12.5-25 mg qd

Question 15

which drug classes are contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 15

ace, arb, direct renin inhibitors

Question 16

which hypertension drugs should you transition to during pregnancy

Answer 16

methyldopa, nifedipine, labetalol

Question 17

what is the parenteral drug of choice for pregnancy

Answer 17

hydralazine, labetalol can be used

Question 18

what is the difference between hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency

Answer 18

emergency has end organ damage

Question 19

what are some drugs that can induce dyslipidemia

Answer 19

immunosuppressives, glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids, estrogens and progestins, protease inhibitors, beta blockers, thiazides and loops, isotrentinoin, mirtazapine, antipsychotics, propofol

Question 20

what is optimal LDL

Answer 20

<100

Question 21

what is optimal total cholesterol

Answer 21

<200

Question 22

what is optimal HDL

Answer 22

> 60

Question 23

what is normal triglycerides

Answer 23

<150

Question 24

what is the LDL goal for HIGH RISK patients

Answer 24

<70

Question 25

for clinical ASCVD, we want to reduce LDL by __% with a high intensity statin

Answer 25

50