Factors affecting the travel and tourism industry (Learning Aim D) Flashcards
What is ‘board’ accommodation?
The meals provided with a tourist’s chosen accommodation.
What is differentiation
Elements of a product or service that makes it different to others on the market.
What is public relations (PR)
The maintenance of a positive public opinion.
What is disposable income?
The amount of money people have left over after tax and bills.
What is an exchange rate?
The amount of money that one currency is worth in another currency.
What is fuel hedging?
An agreement to buy fuel at a pre-determined price for a specified amount of time.
What are demographics?
Data relating to a population. E.g., age, gender and wealth.
What is the grey market?
Older people with a substantial income.
Different generations
Baby boomers: People born between 1946-1964.
Millennial (Generation Y): People born between 1980-1997.
What is a multi-generational family?
A family that consist of many generations.
What are hipster holidays?
Holidays to unusual destination, often popularised through social media.
What are internal factors?
Things that the organization can control. For example, marketing strategies, budgets, recruitment issues and organizational policies.
What are external factors?
Things that are outside of the organization’s control that they must respond to.
Government legislation and legal factors: Development of Transport act 1969
Established British Tourist Authority which eventually formed VisitBritain. Aims to coordinate all tourism organisations and provide a ‘voice’. Scotland and Wales have to fund and develop their own tourism.
Government legislation and legal factors: Transport act 1980
Deregulated (took away lots of rules) express coach rules, leading to more competition and choice for travellers.
Government legislation and legal factors: Transport act 1985
Lead to complete deregulation of bus routes, meaning any company could operate any route, increasing competition.
Government legislation and legal factors: package travel and linked travel arrangements regulations 2018
Set out tour operators’ responsibilities to customers and what action customers can take if the regulations are breached. It provides more legal and financial protection for customers booking packaged (or travel arrangements that are linked) The package organiser is responsible for organising the package and sorting problems out if they occur. For example, bad weather, delays or cancellations.
What is legal protection?
The company has to ensure that the customer gets what they paid for.
Financial protection
Customers will get their money back if their holiday company goes bankrupt before they travel. Customers will be brought home if their holiday company collapses whilst they’re on holiday.
Tourism action plan
Sets out government’s tourism strategy so that:
* Different departments all work together for the same goal.
* Events are coordinated.
* VisitBritain and VisitEngland have clearer responsibilities.
* A £40m fund is available for a ‘Discover England’ fund to encourage tourism.
Health and safety at work act
All employers have to comply with this act. Key point state:
* Risk assessments need performing.
* Staff need training and safety equipment providing.
* Fire escapes, extinguishers and evacuation plans are needed.
* Rest rooms and facilities need to be provided.
* Tour operators have a duty of care to their customers to have safety management policies in place – applies abroad aswell as in the UK (but, foreign standards may apply abroad, not UK ones).
Health Act 2006
Smoking is banned in encloses spaces and places of work. Only one no-smoking sign needs to be displayed to customers and staff.
Town and country Planning (Control of Advertisement) Regulations 2007 and Consumer Protection Regulations 2008
Illuminated signs or signage outside may need planning permission. Any sign must not be misleading.
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974/Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Applies to anyone who sells adventure activities are offered. For example, risk assessments and supervision needed.
What is sustainability?
Relates to the use of natural resources and ensuring they aren’t all used up. Also relates to impacts of mass tourism on destinations. For example, too many tourists, too much pollution and environmental damage – e.g., Venice, Greek Islands (Santorini). Businesses under pressure from governments and travellers to be more sustainable and responsible.
Sustainable tourism principles
1.Minimise negative economic, environmental and cultural impacts on tourist destination (E.g., not completely ruin what attracts tourists there in the first place, and preserve local culture).
2. Create economic benefits for local people and improve their quality of life – e.g., create good jobs that don’t exploit people or see jobs go elsewhere.
3. Promote conservation of natural landscape and local cultural heritage.
4. Promote respect between tourists and local people.
