Facility Design Flashcards
BSL-1
Usuitable for work involving well-characterized agents
BSL-2
suitable for work with agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment
BSL-3
work performed with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease
BSL-4
work with dangerous/exotic agents with a high risk of
aerosol transmitted lab infections and life-threatening
disease
ABSL-3 Ag
Work with RG-3 agent in high-consequence livestock
Secondary Containment
Consists of facility related design features that separate the immediate work area from other parts of the facility and the outside
Barriers Used for Secondary
Containment
• Physical devices – BSCs, glove boxes – Shielding – Airlocks • Construction material characteristics – Sealed finishes – Seamless / coved floors • Mechanical devices – HVAC – Negative air flow – Backflow preventors
Materials that require BSL-3
• Propagation/concentration of HIV – HBV, – B. anthracis – M. tb. – Hantavirus • For activities with high potential for aerosol production – LCMV – Yersinia pestis – Neurotoxin producing Clostridia species – B. pseudomallei
Biosafety Level 3 Basic Premise
• All materials are handled under primary
containment, e.g., BSC
• The facility provides secondary
containment to protect people/environment
outside of laboratory
BSL-3 Other Issues to Consider
• anteroom for clean storage of supplies • change room/ shower • gas tight dampers to isolate lab • liquid effluent decontamination • HEPA filter housings - gas tight dampers, decon. ports, / bagin/ bag-out capability, and allow for leak testing of each filter/assembly
Materials that require BSL-4
• Dangerous agents that pose risk of life threatening disease and can be transmitted via aerosols. Some examples: – Variola virus (smallpox) – Hendra/Nipah viruses – Lassa fever virus – Marburg virus (Haemorrhagic fever) – Congo-Crimean Haemorrhagic fever virus – Herpesimiae B virus (Monkey B virus)
BSL-4 Utilities Barriers
• Sewer vents and other service lines protected by 2 (in
series) HEPA filters and sealed up to the second filter
• Plumbing services must have 2 (in series) backflow
prevention devices (preferably located outside of
containment area)
• A central vacuum system is not recommended. If there
is a dedicated system, then 2 in line HEPAs must be
placed as near each use point
BSL-4 HEPA Filtration
Supply/exhaust to work area, inner change room,
and fumigation/decontamination chamber must be
HEPA filtered
• HEPA close to point-of-use in exhaust
• Back-up parallel HEPAs strongly recommended
• HEPA filter housings
– Designed for in situ decontamination/test
– Have gas-tight isolation dampers
BSL-4 Cabinet Facility Add-Ons
• Exit through inner (dirty) change room,
personal shower and outer (clean) change
room
• A ventilated anteroom/airlock can be
provided for passage of materials, etc.
• Hands-free sink near door to cabinet room
and inner (dirty) change room
BSL-4 Cabinet Line Class III
BSCs
• HEPA on supply and 2X HEPA exhaust with:
– gas tight dampers
– ports for testing
• Must have double door autoclave attached and
pass through dunk tank/fumigation chamber
• Interior with smooth finishes
• Designed to allow maintenance from outside
BSL-4 Suit Facility Add-Ons
• Exhaust from lab, decontamination shower, and decontamination chamber must be 2X HEPA • Positive pressure suits air supply must have redundant compressors, failure alarms, and emergency back-up
Types of Materials Handled at
ABSL-2
• B. anthracis work with rodents • Animal work with C. diptheriae • M. tb. work in mice or guinea pigs • Circulating Influenza strains, e.g., H1N1; H3N2 • HIV in human primates • Lentiviral vector or Adenoviral vector work in rodents
ABSL-2 Add-Ons
• Decontamination
– Cages should be decontaminated before washing
– Mechanical cage washer should have final rinse of 180oF
Types of Materials Handled at
ABSL-3
• For animal work with
– Brucella sp. (B. melitensis, suis, abortus)
– F. tularensis (tularemia)
– Burkholderia mallei (glanders)
– Burkholderia pseudomallei (melliodosis)
– C. burnetii ( Q fever)
– Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)
– West Nile Virus (mosquito borne to birds/humans)
– Alphaviruses: EEE, VEE and WEE (encephalitis)
Materials that require BSL-3 Ag
• Pathogens of livestock that require ABSL-3
Ag containment include:
– Foot and mouth disease virus
– Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic)
– Rift Valley fever virus
– Newcastle disease virus
– African and Classical swine fever virus
– Rinderpest virus, and
– Lumpy skin disease virus
BSL-3 Ag Add-Ons to ABSL-3
• Access
– Entry/egress through ventilated vestibule with
doors with compressible gaskets; a “clean”
change room, a shower room; and a “dirty”
change room in containment area
The hinges and latch/knob of all passage doors shall
be sealed to airtight requirements (pressure decay
testing)
• All airlock doors have inflated or compressible
gaskets; air lines to gaskets have HEPA filters and
check valves
• Consider double containment piping system with
leak alarms and annular space decontamination
ability
• Designed to allow inspection of plumbing systems,
e.g. basements or piping tunnels
Materials that require enhanced
BSL-3/ABSL-3
• Avian influenza virus • Bacillus anthracis • Brucella abortus • Coccidioides immitis • Coxiella burnetii B. abortus C.immitis • Foot and mouth disease virus • Burkholderia mallei
Air Changes per Hour
air exhaust (ft3/min) x 60 (min/hr)/total room volume (ft3)
ACH Recommendations
– ASHRAE - labs, 6-15 ach
– NIH- animal facilities, 10-15 ach
– OSHA - TB labs (proposed) 12 ach
Contaminant Removal Efficiency
ACH 90% 99% 99.9% 6 23 46 69 10 14 28 41 12 12 23 35 15 9 18 28
